mobility-aid

home care work

2009-08-14T16:30:00.001-07:00

Whether home care work ever amounted just to a spot of dusting, and making a cup of tea for the elderly householder, is a moot point. But there is no doubt that the job has changed out of all recognition in recent years. And the strain is starting to tell.

According to a new survey by Unison, the public services union, 73% of today's home care workers frequently help their clients with medication, 56% at least occasionally do dressings and as many as 83% have assisted with catheters. In 1995, in a previous survey, 43% said most or nearly all of their work was still domestic, as opposed to personal care. Today, that figure is only 5%.

Just over half today's workers say they suffer back pain, commonly as a result of lifting clients, and eight in 10 think the role has become both more demanding and more stressful. Yet pay rates are typically less than £5.50 an hour, even in the local authority sector, and can be little more than the £3.70 statutory minimum. As Malcolm Wing, Unison's head of local government, says: "Pay levels have fallen behind those in local catering, cleaning and retail jobs and equivalent jobs elsewhere in the public sector. So it is hardly surprising that staff are voting with their feet and going to work in less demanding jobs for better pay."

This is not mere union propaganda. Bill McClimont, who chairs the UK Home Care Association, representing independent sector employers, says the recruitment picture is "patchy, but pretty dire as a whole". Where the home care workers of the future are going to come from is an increasingly alarming question.

An estimated 200,000 people are employed in home or domiciliary care in England alone - roughly the same as the car industry. About two-thirds are in the independent sector, with either for-profit providers or voluntary groups, which now delivers more than half all state-funded care. As recently as 1993, it was responsible for just 2%.

Although demand for home care is growing, with an ageing population and policy imperatives to help people stay out of long-term care, services are increasingly focused on the more dependent. As a result, the amount of state-funded care in England rose 3% in 1999 while the number of households receiving it fell 5%. This has been the general trend for the past decade and figures for last year, due later this month, are unlikely to buck it.

Philip Mickleborough, of care market analysts Laing & Buisson, confirms the dramatic change in the nature of the home carer's function. "I would agree it has become more demanding - and much more responsible," he says. "If you're Hoovering for somebody and you do it badly, then they have a dirty carpet. If you're helping them with their medication and that goes wrong, then the consequences can obviously be more severe.

"The important thing to bear in mind is that people who do this are working without supervision. They are on their own and there is no one there to consult or get guidance from."

While Mickleborough agrees that the job as it is today may well not appeal to those who did it when its essential nature was domestic - "home help" - he points out that others may be attracted for that very reason. "Helping someone to get dressed, perhaps lifting them into bed or taking them to the lavatory, is all very different," he says. "But there are many people who enjoy taking care of others, who get satisfaction from helping people in this way."

The Unison survey, conducted by NOP among more than 3,000 union members who completed questionnaires, lends some support to this. Notwithstanding the overwhelming concern about the job's growing stress, 35% said they were happy and satisfied at work and just 23% expressed a contrary view, the remainder not giving an opinion.

One respondent said: "Although I am off work at the moment with back pain, work-related, I enjoy my job and I do get a lot of satisfaction in knowing that I am helping to keep people in their own environment." Another commented: "Despite the negative comments, I love my job and hope to see things improve soon."

Almost all the respondents were employed by a local authority or had recently been transferred to a contractor. More than 97% were women and one in three was over 55, indicating a looming issue of replacing retirees. Ninety-six per cent said they normally looked after elderly people, but 75% said their clients also included those with dementia or mental health problems, 46% younger people with disabilities and 20% people with learning disabilities.

Only one in 10 of those surveyed said they never worked unsocial hours. One said: "I personally work from 7.30 to 10.30 every weekday night and alternate weekends. But I am not paid for unsocial hours. I get the same basic rate as daytime staff, which I feel is unfair." Another reported: "Split shifts sometimes means working from 7am to 11pm in one day, with a couple of hours off in between - not conducive to family life." A third said: "I am on the run all day, checking my watch for my next job. We are very short of good staff."

Whereas domestic tasks were largely done during the day, personal care tends to focus on helping people get up and helping them prepare for bed. Again, this shift has prompted a change in the type of person attracted to the job, militating against those with child care responsibilities.

As one respondent put it: "We carers, I feel, are taking on the job of district nurses almost." And the survey report, Homecare - the Forgotten Service, expresses concern at the kind of tasks - medication, dressings, catheter and even colostomy assistance - being expected of the workers without apparent specialist training. It asks: "Who should be doing this work, who should be paying for it and what would happen to clients if they stopped?"

Mickleborough points out that the immediate shortage of home care workers is likely to ease when the economy slows, with the disappearance of competing job vacancies in the retail and service sectors. He also believes that the development of "assisted living" or "very sheltered" housing schemes will help cluster demand, saving some carers the journeys between clients, and that technological advance will do away with the need for visits simply to check on the client.

Yet both Mickleborough and McClimont agree with Unison that home care is fundamentally underfunded. Unless and until local authorities are able to offer more for the service, facilitating the payment of better terms and conditions, they say it is always going to struggle to recruit and retain staff of the right calibre.

Home care contractors have faced a decade or more of prices being driven down, says McClimont. "What we need to see is local authorities setting a floor at least on pay and conditions, so that the competition takes place on the management of the service and the value that the provider is adding, rather than always bearing down on the workers' remuneration."

Homecare - the Forgotten Service is available free from Local Government, Unison, 1 Mabledon Place, London WC1H 9AJ.

As a home care worker myself, I would agree with the above comments. With little training, I have dealt with catheters, hoists,convenes. The agencies are making good money. I have seen individual invoices.

Swine Flu, pregnancy and young children

2009-07-30T16:32:00.000-07:00

The Department of Health are clarifying their guidelines on how pregnant mothers and parents with children under five can deal with the outbreak of Swine Flu. This is because expectant mothers and young children have proven to be particularly vulnerable to the disease. So far the government advice is:

For pregnant mums:
The Royal College of Midwives have issued a statement that expectant mothers should 'avoid crowded places and unnecessary travel'. Obviously for some pregnant mums this will be unavoidable, but if you can't avoid crowded places you should always follow good hygiene rules such as washing your hands and using an antiseptic gel after using public transport. Using tissues to cover the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing and disposing of tissues promptly has also been suggested.

The reason pregnant women are at risk, is because when you are pregnant your immune system is lowered slightly so that your body doesn't reject your growing baby. For this reason pregnant women are more susceptible to any type of flu and therefore swine flu. At present the Government are under pressure to reveal whether pregnant women will be vaccinated against swine flu when the flu vaccine batch is expected in the autumn. This is because pregnant women are normally advised NOT to have vaccinations.

In short, if you are pregnant and can avoid being in crowded places and public transport - do so. If you are pregnant and have the any of the Swine Flu symptoms:

- sudden fever (a high body temperature of over 38C or 100.4F), and
- sudden cough

Other symptoms include:

- headache
- tiredness
- chills
- aching muscles
- limb or joint pain
- diarrhoea or stomach upset
- sore throat
- runny nose
- sneezing, and
- loss of appetite

Can pregnant women take antivirals?
Anti virals are safe for pregnant women to take but you should always talk to your GP first before taking them. The Department of health has purchased Relenza, an inhaled antiviral drug that can treat swine flu without reaching your developing baby. Relenza should not affect your pregnancy or growing baby. Don't forget that talking Paracetamol when pregnant is safe and can also be used to counter the effects of any type of flu symptoms.

Most people who have contracted Swine Flu recover within a week and do not suffer complications, even without being given antiviral medicine. If you are pregnant and worried about Swine Flu or have any of the symptoms listed above, call NHS direct on 0845 4647

For young children:
Call your GP immediately if your child has any of the following symptoms AND a temperature of 38C and above or feels hot.

- tiredness
- headache
- runny nose and sneezing
- sore throat
- shortness of breath
- loss of appetite
- vomiting and diarrhoea
aching muscles, limb and joint pain

If you are worried about your child or your child has any of the symptoms above, call your GP for more advice. You can also get more information by calling the Swine Flu Information Line on 0800 1 513 513.

If your child has Swine Flu:
If your GP confirms your child has Swine Flu (normally by a telephone assesment where you will be asked to describe your child's symptoms), they should stay at home and you should treat their symptoms like any other cold or flu. So, plenty of liquids, plenty of rest and medicine to bring their fever down. Your GP will advise you on whether your child needs an antiviral drug such as Tamiflu. However, antiviral drugs are only effective if taken within 48 hours of symptoms appearing so if you are worried about your child, call your GP immediately.

Are antivirals safe for children to take?
Antivirals are safe for infants aged one and over at a reduced dose, but again it is always best to talk to your GP first to explain your child's symptoms and to tell your GP the age of your child. Relenza (an inhaler) can be used by children aged five and over under the supervision of an adult. Tamiflu and Relenza are not licensed for use in babies under the age of one, although under medical supervision (i.e probably in a hospital) they may be used.

How do I get antiviral drugs for my child?
Your GP will give you an authorization code which one of your flu friends ( a friend or relative who does not have any symptoms or swine flu) takes to the antiviral collection point in your area - your GP can tell you where these are.

What is Swine Flu?
Swine flu is a respiratory disease which has some elements of a virus often found in pigs. At present time, swine flu has been confirmed in a number of countries (mostly Mexico and the US) and is spreading from human to human. This quick spreading of a virus is referred to as a pandemic flu outbreak. Because it is a virus, no one has immunity to it, which means it can affect the old, the young, healthy adults and those who are sick already.

How does swine flu spread?
Like normal flu that we are used to, swine flu spreads when you cough or sneeze without covering your mouth or nose, releasing tiny droplets into the air. They are then inhaled by other people or can be spread on everyday items such as computer keyboards, door handles and surfaces that the droplets may have settles on.

Is there protection against swine flu?
The government have been stockpiling antiviral drugs (including Tamiflu and Relenza) so there is enough to treat 33 million people (roughly half of the population). They are planning to increase this. At present there is no vaccination against swine flu, as it can only be developed when a specific strain has been identified. After this it will take a few months to produce a suitable vaccine.

Here are answers to questions that I asked the Department of Health earlier today:

Are antivirals safe to use on children?
All medicines that are licensed have to go through checks on their safety, quality and efficacy before they are licensed. Licensed doses of Tamiflu are available for all children over one in lower dose capsules. The size of the capsules depends on the age of the child. As licensed medicines there is good evidence about their safety and efficacy.

Relenza is only licensed for treatment of influenza of children over five years old except in very limited circumstances.

Will we be issuing antivirals prophylactically to children?
No, our aim is just to provide treatment for flu cases. We are not considering prophylaxis in adults or children.

Are antivirals safe for babies?
Tamiflu is not licensed for under one's. However, we have evidence from clinical trials in Japan that it is safe for children under one to take in small doses. We have plans to manufacture Tamiflu solution in designated hospital pharmacies from stocks which we have stockpiled. This process is now underway. The royal college of Paediatrics and Child Health has developed a consensus statement which supports the use of oseltamivir in babies under one.

Is one of the antivirals more appropriate for pregnant women and people with certain kidney conditions?
Relenza is an inhaled drug that will be used for pregnant women and people with certain kidney conditions who are unable to take Tamiflu.

Is it safe to eat pig meat?

Yes. The WHO says there is no evidence that swine flu can be transmitted through eating meat from infected animals. However, it is essential to cook meat properly. A temperature of 70°C (158°F) would be sure to kill the virus. Pig meat includes pork, bacon, ham and pork products.

So, what can you do to protect yourself and your family from swine flu?

Always carry tissues on you to use if you sneeze or cough (or if your kids sneeze or cough)
Always try to cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough
Throw the tissue away after you have used it on yourself or your kids
Wash your hands often with soap and hot water and encourage your children to do the same

Do I need a facemask?
Apparently, there is no scientific evidence to say basic face masks can protect you from swine flu - it's better to follow the steps above in order to help prevent the spread of disease.

What are the symptoms of swine flu?
Symptoms of swine flu include:

a sudden onset of fever
a cough

shortness of breath

headache and sore throat

tiredness
aching muscles

chills
sneezing
runny nose
loss of appetite

If you are worried about swine flu or need information about it, call the government's Swine Flu Information Line on: 0800 1 513 513

If you are suffering from any of the symptoms above, the advice is NOT to go to your GP surgery or A&E department, but phone your surgery and describe your symptoms or phone NHS Direct: 0845 46 47

If you have recently returned from Mexico or the US and are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, call the Swine Flu Information Line on: 0800 1 513 513

The information in this feature is intended for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your health, the health of your child or the health of someone you know, please consult with a doctor or other healthcare professional.

Thanks to NHS direct

www.medisave.co.uk

The number of new cases of swine flu in England

2009-07-30T16:06:00.000-07:00

The number of new cases of swine flu in England appears to be levelling off, with an estimated 110,000 new cases reported last week. This compares to an estimated 100,000 cases the week before.

Sir Liam Donaldson, the Chief Medical Officer, noted that the change coincided with the break up of schools for the summer and the introduction of the National Pandemic Flu Service last week.

H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)
CDC Advisors Make Recommendations for Use of Vaccine Against Novel H1N1 (07/29/2009, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Prioritize Pregnant Women to Get Swine Flu Shot, Experts Say (07/29/2009, HealthDay)
Save Swine Flu Drugs for Younger Patients (07/28/2009, HealthDay)
Drugs Work Best When Swine Flu Found Early (07/27/2009, Reuters Health)
FDA Authorizes Emergency Use of Another Test for 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus (07/24/2009, Food and Drug Administration)
First Defense Against Swine Flu - Seasonal Vaccine (07/24/2009, Reuters Health)
Swine Flu Could Eventually Affect 40% of Americans (07/24/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu Spreads; Health Officials Plan Vaccines (07/24/2009, Reuters Health)
U.S. Expects 160 Million Doses Of Swine Flu Vaccine By October (07/23/2009, HealthDay)
Guard Against Swine Flu at Summer Camp (07/18/2009, HealthDay)
CDC Fears More Swine Flu Cases in Fall (07/17/2009, Reuters Health)
Swine Flu Vaccine on Track for Fall (07/17/2009, HealthDay)
H1N1 Pandemic Spreading Too Fast to Count (07/16/2009, Reuters Health)
Swine Flu Vaccine Taking Longer Than Expected (07/13/2009, HealthDay)
Obesity Emerges as Risk Factor in Severe Flu (07/11/2009, Reuters Health)
Swine Flu Summit Focuses on Preparedness (07/09/2009, HealthDay)
Experts Keep Wary Eye on Tamiflu-Resistant Swine Flu (07/08/2009, HealthDay)
U.S. Health Department Response to H1N1 Mixed (07/07/2009, Reuters Health)
U.S. Parents Think Twice About Sending Kids to Camp (07/03/2009, Reuters Health)
New Flu May Not Spread Like Regular Flu (07/02/2009, Reuters Health)
WHO Chief Identifies "Warning Signs" of Severe Flu (07/02/2009, Reuters Health)
WHO Says Tamiflu-Resistant H1N1 "Isolated Case" (06/30/2009, Reuters Health)
Air Traffic Patterns Predict Swine Flu Spread (06/29/2009, HealthDay)
Younger People Appear More at Risk from New Swine Flu (06/29/2009, HealthDay)
New H1N1 Flu Not Going Away (06/26/2009, Reuters Health)
1 Million Americans Likely Stricken by Swine Flu (06/25/2009, HealthDay)
CDC Sees "Something Different" with New Flu (06/19/2009, Reuters Health)
Swine Flu Continues to Flare Up, CDC Says (06/19/2009, HealthDay)
New Swine Flu Strain Found in Brazil (06/17/2009, HealthDay)
First Batch of Swine Flu Vaccine Already Here (06/12/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu Now a Pandemic (06/11/2009, HealthDay)
WHO Declaration Of Swine Flu Pandemic Looks Imminent (06/10/2009, HealthDay)
Global Testing Shows No Variation in Swine Flu Virus (06/04/2009, HealthDay)
WHO Close to Declaring Swine Flu Pandemic (06/03/2009, HealthDay)
WHO Official Says World Edging Towards Pandemic (06/02/2009, Reuters Health)
Swine Flu Now Reported in All 50 States (06/01/2009, HealthDay)
FDA, FTC Warn Public of Fraudulent 2009 H1N1 Influenza Products (05/30/2009, Food and Drug Administration)
Swine Flu Vaccine Won't Be Ready Until October: CDC (05/29/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu Vaccine Won't Be Ready Until October (05/28/2009, HealthDay)
U.S. Considering Emergency Use of Booster in H1N1 Vaccine (05/28/2009, Reuters Health)
Possible Return of Swine Flu in Fall Has U.S. Health Officials on Alert (05/27/2009, HealthDay)
U.S. Prepares for Possible Return of Swine Flu in Fall (05/26/2009, HealthDay)
Viable Swine Flu Shot Closer to Reality (05/25/2009, HealthDay)
WHO Chief Says World Should Prepare for Severe Flu (05/24/2009, Reuters Health)
Regular Flu Vaccine Little Help against New Strain (05/21/2009, Reuters Health)
Swine Flu Outbreak May Be Subsiding, CDC Says (05/21/2009, HealthDay)
Older Adults May Have Some Immunity to Swine Flu (05/20/2009, HealthDay)
U.S. Officials Consider Bumping Up Flu Shot Season (05/20/2009, Reuters Health)
Could H1N1 Start to Resist Drugs? (05/19/2009, Reuters Health)
Sicker People More Vulnerable to Swine Flu (05/19/2009, HealthDay)
Adequate Supply of Swine Flu Vaccine Uncertain (05/18/2009, HealthDay)
New Methods Could Speed Production of Flu Vaccines (05/18/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu Fatality Rate a 'Little Bit' Higher Than That of Seasonal Flu (05/18/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu May Have Infected More Than 100,000 Americans (05/17/2009, HealthDay)
Focus On Children Best Way to Stop Flu Bugs (05/14/2009, Reuters Health)
Fewer Than a Third in U.S. Would Get Swine Flu Jab (05/13/2009, Reuters Health)
Pregnant Women Should Take Flu Drugs Promptly (05/13/2009, HealthDay)
Study Supports Swine Flu's Pandemic Potential (05/12/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu May Pose Problems for Pregnant Women (05/12/2009, HealthDay)
CDC Shifts Swine Flu Focus to Likely Impact in the Fall (05/11/2009, HealthDay)
Third U.S. Swine Flu Death Reported (05/10/2009, HealthDay)
Scientists Still Baffled About Origins of Swine Flu (05/08/2009, HealthDay)
Flu Spreads in U.S., World, Winds Down in Mexico (05/07/2009, Reuters Health)
U.S. Swine Flu Count Nears 1,900; Person-to-Person Transmission Now Common (05/07/2009, HealthDay)
FDA Approves New Influenza Vaccine Production Facility (05/06/2009, Food and Drug Administration)
Swine Flu Likely to Return to U.S. Next Winter (05/06/2009, HealthDay)
Younger Age of More Severe Swine Flu Cases Worries Experts (05/06/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu Kills Second Person in U.S. (05/05/2009, Reuters Health)
1976 Swine Flu Outbreak Offers Echoes, Lessons Today (05/04/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu Cases Still Up, but U.S. Officials Are Guardedly Optimistic (05/04/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu Outbreak Not a Pandemic at This Point (05/03/2009, HealthDay)
Swine Flu: A Primer (05/03/2009, HealthDay www.medisave.co.uk

WHAT IS SWINE FLU Fever

2009-07-30T15:52:00.000-07:00

Swine flu was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation on June 11, 2009. The initial outbreak of the new strain of the swine flu, or H1N1, virus was in Mexico before spreading to the rest of the world. On July 21, the WHO reported the global death toll had reached more than 700; the agency has now stopped counting laboratory-confirmed cases as it is a waste of resources.

In Britain, Prof Nigel Dimmock, a virologist at Warwick University, has claimed that half the UK population could come down with swine flu this year. His worst case scenario is that 150,000 people could die in Britain.

WHAT IS SWINE FLU?
It is a flu virus that affects pigs, often hitting farms in autumn and winter. It rarely spreads to humans. But when it does, the outbreak begins with someone being in contact with an infected pig.

Flu viruses have the ability to mutate quickly, and pigs provide an excellent host for this. The new version has developed the ability to spread among humans, who then infect each other through coughing and sneezing. It cannot be spread by eating pork or pork products.

This outbreak has been caused by a version of the H1N1 strain of influenza type A. It is the same strain as causes flu outbreaks in humans, however the new version contains genetic material from strains of the virus that affect humans, birds and swine.

Fresh research from the University of Winsconsin suggests the new strain is related to the 'Spanish flu' virus of 1918 that killed millions. The study suggests it penetrates deeper into the respiratory tissues - making it more likely to cause pneumonia. Blood tests show that people who lived through the 1918 flu pandemic are immune to swine flu, but not to the seasonal flu that hits every year.

On the plus side, the H1N1 strain is far less dangerous than H5N1, or bird flu, and despite the similiarities it is not (yet) as severe as the 1918 version.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?
The symptoms are the same as with normal seasonal flu: fever (a body temperature of over 38C or 100.4F), coughing, sore throat, aching muscles, limb or joint pain, runny nose, lack of appetite and nausea. Some patients have also reported diarrhoea and vomiting.

Several of those diagnosed with swine flu after trips to Mexico mistook the first signs as the effects of jetlag. Those who have died suffered from pneumonia and respiratory failure.

WHO IS CATCHING IT?
The illness has spread rapidly, with 'hotspots' developing in urban areas. In Britain, these are London, Glasgow and the West Midlands. In July the Government warned that cases could reach 100,000 a day in August.

Early fears that it was most lethal to people aged 25 to 45 have subsided. In the UK symptoms exhibited by victims have not been severe. People with long term health conditions are deemed most at risk by the NHS and so far there have been very few deaths among who did not have underlying health issues.

IS THERE A VACCINE?
Large quantities will be manufactured after human trials which began in Australia on July 20. The first batch of vaccine is not expected in Britain until August or September. Despite a claim by the Government that it could be 'fast-tracked', the WHO announced that trials taking several weeks would be necessary.

However, it is not plain sailing. Scientists have told the WHO that the 'seed strains' grown to produce the vaccine are giving poor yields of antigen. The yield is a quarter to a half of that vaccine makers typically get for seasonal flu vaccine production.

The good news is that Tamiflu and other antiviral drugs are also effective against swine flu viruses, although they may not work against new strains if they emerge.

HOW IS BRITAIN DEALING WITH THE OUTBREAK?
When the new vaccine arrives there are plans to vaccinate the entire population, with high risk groups and medical workers first on the list.

Because of the recent bird flu scare, Britain also has a stockpile of the antiviral drugs Tamiflu and Relenza, enough to treat half the population. These drugs do not completely cure swine flu, but they can reduce its severity and help limit its spread.

New cases are now being diagnosed by phone and sufferers being asked to quarantine themselves for up to two weeks.

On July 23, the Government is due to launch the National Pandemic Flu Service which will allow people to self-diagnose online or by phone and order Tamiflu without visiting doctors' surgeries.

SHOULD WE BE WEARING FACEMASKS?
It is unnecessary. The Department of Health advises that "available scientific evidence does not support the general wearing of facemasks by those who are not ill whilst going about their normal activities". However, the Department is making efforts to increase its stock of facemasks for use by hospital staff in the event of a pandemic being declared.
www.medisave.co.uk

Swine flu is spreading unexpectedly fast in Germany

2009-07-30T15:27:00.000-07:00

Swine flu is spreading unexpectedly fast in Germany, doubling in less than a week, according to the country's infectious disease center. Most new cases have resulted from people returning from vacation.
More cases of H1N1 swine flu are to be expected in Germany, according to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany's center for infectious diseases.

There were 2,455 confirmed cases of swine flu in Germany on Wednesday, 637 more were reported on Tuesday. The current number of infections represents an increase of nearly 30 percent in two days. On July 15, there were just 834 cases, officials from the institute told reporters on Thursday.

"We see it this way: the increase is worrisome for us, but not a reason to panic," RKI head Joerg Hacker told the dpa news agency.

Most of the cases in Germany were mild but "serious cases could arise, as they have in other countries," RKI Vice President Reinhard Burger told German public broadcaster SWR.

The increase in infections is largely due to people returning from vacation with the virus, Hacker said, adding that about 20 percent of Germans diagnosed with the virus caught it in Germany.

"The general rule applies that when a lot of people gather in a small area there's a chance of infection," Hacker added.

Burger called on people to follow simple personal hygiene procedures, including washing their hands often with soap and warm water, to slow the virus' spread.

"The virus can be spread through contact, so measures like regular hand washing and, particularly, avoiding touching the eyes, nose and mouth, are very important," he said.

Pharmaceutical sales up

Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: Simple hygienic practices might help slow the virus' spread
Anticipating that the virus will continue to spread around the globe, the Swiss pharmaceutical giant Roche said Thursday it would sell another 658 million euros worth of anti-flu drug Tamiflu by the end of 2009, having already sold a similar amount this year.

"Additional government stockpiling orders and increased demand in the retail pharmacy market contributed to the particularly strong sales recorded in the second quarter," the company said in a statement.

The group expected to sell "around 1 billion (Swiss) francs" more of the drug, one of two recommended by the World Health Organization to treat swine flu, Roche chief executive Severin Schwan told journalists.

GlaxoSmithKline said sales of Relenza, the other drug approved for use in swine flu cases, had also increased.

"GSK now expects to increase its annual production capacity of Relenza to 190 million treatment courses by the end of 2009. This represents a threefold increase to GSK's previous maximum capacity of 60 million treatment courses," the company said in a statement.

sms/AFP/dpa/Reuters

www.medisave.co.uk

2009-07-30T14:55:00.000-07:00

If you've ever considered a career as a
Professional Yoga Teacher...

... but weren't sure where to get straight answers to your biggest questions about what it's like to train and work as a professional Yoga instructor, then you've come to the right place!

Teaching Yoga can be an incredibly rewarding - and profitable - way to earn a living - if you know what you're doing! Well, you can know, without having to spend thousands at a studio!

I've developed a program that teaches you everything you need to know to teach yoga AND run a successful yoga business.
And you can learn it from home, at your own pace.

I call it the Yoga Teacher "Training-Camp-in-a-Box"
for Home Study Yoga Teacher Certification.

Plus, we've created a website to support our students and you're invited to use it for free. It includes forums for discussing yoga teaching, blogs with articles about teaching yoga, free yoga videos, newsletters, podcasts and more. Join our free yoga site and you'll agree - you simply won't find a better long-distance yoga certification program - ANYWHERE! Yoga Certification

Yoga Teacher Salary

2009-07-30T14:35:00.000-07:00

What kind of salary can you expect to earn as a Yoga teacher? If you are looking at an hourly rate, anywhere from $35 to $120 is about right in North America.

There are many factors involved in pricing, such as demographics and demand. If a Fortune 500 company hires you to teach Yoga, or stress management, to their executive staff, you know the price should reflect your preparation and travel time.

Lastly, if you feel the calling to teach Yoga, please do the following. Write your plans down, take action, and go after your goal of becoming a Yoga teacher. The public needs more compassionate Yoga instructors and the job is very rewarding. Yoga Teacher Salary

Your Goal: Become a Yoga Teacher

2009-07-30T14:33:00.000-07:00

What are your goals in regard to your Yogic career? Plan long term and short term goals, but add your continuing education to both lists. At least, make it a point to read Yoga books and watch Yoga DVD's. Audio books are handy too.

What is your estimated time frame to become a Yoga teacher? All you have to do is pencil in a realistic deadline. It does not have to be tomorrow and the idea should not create any stress. You should have fun, and "enjoy the journey," when you are working toward your goal of teaching Yoga. Your Goal: Become a Yoga Teacher

Yoga Teacher Correspondence Courses

2009-07-30T14:30:00.000-07:00

On the other hand, Yoga teacher correspondence courses are much more reasonable, but can vary in the number of study hours and overall quality. For example: A forty hour Yoga course is just not enough time for anyone to safely learn to teach Yoga students. Once again, you should research the syllabus and get a complete Yoga teacher training course.

If you are considering a Yoga teacher correspondence course, you should have sufficient knowledge of Yoga. Also, make sure that customer service is always a priority to the Yoga teacher training center after the sale has been made to the Yoga teacher intern. If you call during business hours and get a live person who answers your questions diplomatically, that will give you some indication of the technical service you should expect.

While you are at it, make sure that you are calling a Yoga teacher training center and not a "diploma house." If they certify everything from pet sitting to web design, what do you think they really know about teaching Yoga?

Once you have received the study material, there will undoubtedly be questions, concerns, or need for further assistance, via email, or telephone, from the intern who has purchased the Yoga teacher course. Make sure you get answers if you are "stuck" during your Yoga teacher internship. Yoga Teacher Correspondence Courses

Yoga Teachers Education

2009-07-30T14:25:00.000-07:00

Unfortunately, these Yoga teachers are often trained to teach Yoga as an exercise program by learning a dozen or two dozen asanas, and not much beyond this. The fact is, Yoga is much more than an exercise program. Yoga is the most complete health maintenance system known to mankind, with a lineage of thousands of years. Whole health needs to be addressed by much more than an exercise program.

On-site training is not cheap and can vary from the low $2000.00 range to very expensive. When you consider travel, lodging, and all of the expenses involved a typical Yoga teacher training may well cost you $6000.00 or more. Does anyone offer Yoga teacher interns a guarantee? Not often, and as of today, I only know of only one guaranteed Yoga teacher training course in existence. Yoga TeacherYoga teachers Education

Designing a Plan to Become a Yoga Teacher,

2009-07-30T14:22:00.000-07:00

If you have decided that becoming a Yoga teacher is your passion, your next step is to create a plan of action. When doing anything that requires a major change, a call to action is one of the hardest hurdles to overcome. There are so many people who wish for goals, but do not plan to go after them. Let's look at a few ways to make your plan of action to become a Yoga teacher.

What kind of help or support system do you need to teach Yoga? Remember the saying, "no man is an island." Everyone needs encouragement, even if you are very confident in your abilities. Will you need financial help, educational resources, or to be mentored by a local Yoga teacher? Make an assessment of what you need and plan accordingly. Become a Yoga Teacher

Dementia, Telling it to the kids

2009-06-10T16:10:00.000-07:00

LifeWire) - When a grandparent or other loved one is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, it can be the children of the family who are most affected. Adults are capable of understanding the disease, its symptoms and what to expect. Parents and other relatives need to pass along this knowledge - in an age-appropriate way - to children who will be impacted by the disease.

Breaking the News

At any age, children can sense discord and stress in their environment, so it's important to address any concerns before kids make erroneous assumptions.

The conversation will differ depending on the child's age. For younger children, you don't necessarily need to use the term Alzheimer's disease. Instead, talk about how the child's loved one is sick, will have trouble remembering things and might sometimes be confused. Be sure to mention that their loved one will probably get sicker and that it's important for the family to help out. Depending on their level of understanding, try to prepare them for the changes they'll see in their loved one.

Teenagers, who are more capable of understanding the diagnosis, should hear more details, such as how long their loved one is expected to live and what treatment options are available. Talk to them before inviting a loved one to move in for full-time care. While parents might not always abide by teens' opinions, it's important that everyone's voice be heard.

Reassure children that Alzheimer's disease is not infectious. If the loved one was diagnosed before age 65, talk to older teens about the possibility that the disease is inherited. If early-onset Alzheimer's disease has affected several immediate relatives, the family might consider genetic testing for the disease.

Continue to talk to children and teens about the situation when the disease progresses to the point where their loved one no longer recognizes them. Acknowledge their feelings and assure them that their loved one still loves them and still appreciates their visits. Allow them to grieve this loss, and don't force them to continue visiting if they are truly uncomfortable.

Emotions and Reactions

Children can experience a variety of emotions relating to their loved one's condition, but they might not volunteer their feelings. In some cases, parents might need to anticipate these emotions and be proactive about initiating a conversation.

These emotions can include:

Fear that parents, other relatives or they themselves might be diagnosed with the disease
Anxiety, sadness or fear regarding changes in their loved one's behavior or personality
Frustration over having to say things many times or needing to repeatedly identify themselves
Remorse over acting frustrated or guilt about not having the disease themselves
Self-consciousness about being in public with their loved one or, if the loved one lives with the family, feeling ashamed of their living situation
Remember, kids and teenagers don't always express their emotions in the same ways that adults do. Instead of talking about their fears, worries and guilt, they might exhibit behavioral problems, be distracted from schoolwork, avoid interaction with the family and even complain about physical ailments. If this occurs, try having another conversation; if necessary, ask a trusted teacher, another adult or a school counselor to sit in on it.

Parenting Strategies

Offer continuous support to children while they cope with their loved one's disease. It's important to allow them to express themselves, to avoid judging their feelings and to answer all of their questions as honestly as possible. For more help, visit the Alzheimer's Association website for kids and teens.

It can also be helpful to engage the children in family-related activities, such as making a family tree or looking at old photographs. These activities can help children feel connected to their loved one.

Parents or guardians can also engage children in making a memory book for their loved one. Memory books, which have been shown to ease behavioral symptoms in people with Alzheimer's disease, usually consist of family photos and other memorabilia. The book can help a loved one with Alzheimer's disease reconnect with memories. Children can also write a letter or draw a picture for their loved one to be included in the book.

Sources:

Bourgeois, Michelle. "History of Memory Books." Department of Communication Disorders: Research Lab and Caregiver Resources. 2007. Florida State University. 23 May 2008 .

Callone, Patricia, Connie Kudlacek, Barbara C. Vasiloff, Janaan Manternach, and Roger A. Brumback. . A Caregiver's Guide to Alzheimer's Disease: 300 Tips for Making Life Easier. First. New York: Demos Medical Publishing, 2006.

"Helping Children Understand Alzheimer's Disease." Alzheimer's Care. Apr. 2007. Alzheimer's Society of Canada. 3 Jun 2008. .

"Talking to Teens and Kids." ALZ.org. 27 Oct. 2006. Alzheimer's Association. 3 Jun 2008. .

LifeWire, a part of The New York Times Company, provides original and syndicated online lifestyle content. Betsy Lee-Frye is an independent journalist living in Kansas City, Mo. Her work has appeared in The Dallas Morning News, Better Homes and Gardens Special Interest Publications and Kansas City Magazine.
Related Articles
Alzheimer's Disease - Alzheimer's Disease Description - Alzheimer&#...
Alzheimer's Disease -- If You Have Alzheimer's Disease
Protecting Yourself From Bioterrorism
Statins and Alzheimer's Disease - Can Statins Lower Risk of Alzheimer&#...
The Forgetting - Review of The Forgetting Film About Alzheimer's Diseas...

The Dementia Café, share experience, make new friends

2009-06-10T15:44:00.000-07:00

The Dementia Café is a place to get advice, share experiences and make new friends.

It's aim is to build a community of carers and people with Dementia who can support one another through the most difficult situations when dealing the effects of dementia. If you have been diagnosed with dementia; are caring for someone with dementia; or are involved with any aspect of the illness, please register on the website and join the community.

Please click on the Message Board logo to be taken to The Dementia Café Message Boards page. Once registered, you'll be able to post messages, get replies, and join in the discussions.

Why not register and get involved ?

Message Boards

Please click on the Online Support logo to open the Online Support page.

Come and join in the discussions !

Early Indiactors, Dementia, Alzheimer's

2009-06-10T15:35:00.000-07:00

Early symptoms
Every person is unique and dementia affects people differently - no two people will have symptoms that develop in exactly the same way. An individual's personality, general health and social situation are all important factors in determining the impact of dementia on him or her.

The most common early symptoms of dementia are:

Memory loss
Declining memory, especially short-term memory, is the most common early symptom of dementia. People with ordinary forgetfulness can still remember other facts associated with the thing they have forgotten. For example they may briefly forget their next-door neighbour's name but they still know the person they are talking to is their next-door neighbour. A person with dementia will not only forget their neighbour's name but also the context.

Difficulty performing familiar tasks
People with dementia often find it hard to complete everyday tasks that are so familiar we usually do not think about how to do them. A person with dementia may not know in what order to put clothes on or the steps for preparing a meal.

Problems with language
Occasionally everyone has trouble finding the right word but a person with dementia often forgets simple words or substitutes unusual words, making speech or writing hard to understand.

Disorientation to time and place
We sometimes forget the day of the week or where we are going but people with dementia can become lost in familiar places such as the road they live in, forget where they are or how they got there, and not know how to get back home. A person with dementia may also confuse night and day.

Poor or decreased judgement
People with dementia may dress inappropriately, wearing several layers of clothes on a warm day or very few on a cold day.

Problems with keeping track of things
A person with dementia may find it difficult to follow a conversation or keep up with paying their bills.

Misplacing things
Anyone can temporarily misplace his or her wallet or keys. A person with dementia may put things in unusual places such as an iron in the fridge or a wristwatch in the sugar bowl.

Changes in mood or behaviour
Everyone can become sad or moody from time to time. A person with dementia may become unusually emotional and experience rapid mood swings for no apparent reason. Alternatively a person with dementia may show less emotion than was usual previously.

Changes in personality
A person with dementia may seem different from his or her usual self in ways that are difficult to pinpoint. A person may become suspicious, irritable, depressed, apathetic or anxious and agitated especially in situations where memory problems are causing difficulties.

Loss of initiative
At times everyone can become tired of housework, business activities, or social obligations. However a person with dementia may become very passive, sitting in front of the television for hours, sleeping more than usual, or appear to lose interest in hobbies.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or are concerned about a friend or relative, visit your doctor and discuss your concerns.

Where next?
Diagnosis
Frequently Asked Questions
World Alzheimer's Day™ 2002 - Recognising dementia
About Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's, Dementia, Poetry, Please submit your

2009-06-09T13:35:00.000-07:00

Poetry

Have a go at writing poetry yourselves if you've never done it, before opportunity knocks at diagnosis' door.
Please send us your poems at friends@alzheimersforum.org.
Barry has compiled a book of poems called Poetic Thoughts taken from Alzheimer's Forum and Alzheimer's Society websites about Alzheimer's and dementia. Have a look and read them at your leisure.
Latest poems
Left Alone, by Barry
My day started with harmony I was feeling on a highSince my body and mind had awakened seeing eye to eye,But my exultation within was not that long to remainAs I'd forgotted this day I was to be left alone again.
'Twas 7 in the morning as my darling gave me a kiss and a hugWith the dilemma in her eyes much clearer than the sky above,I'm not that far away she soothingly and withassurance expressed,Just keep a calm mind and don't let yourself get stressed.
As she walked out the door I locked it tight from behind,Switching on the alarms for some extra security of mind,If intruders should encroach to confuse my day even more,Then a piercing warning would echo through the solitudeof my air.
Thus my lonesome day slowly pursued its own path,I wandered from room to room with my inner fears noone to convey,But what if I should stumble? And now where is my lunch, I cried!Thought I'm sure you must have told me you had preparedit in advance.
Then disorientation seized me as the walls all started to close in,Is that my shadow on the wall? Or is it an evil spirit within?I was trying to conquer the hallucinations now castbefore my eyes,When all of a sudden scurrying commotions overhead did arise,Was it merely trickery inside my ears? Or maybe it's just a mouse!
So I tried watching the TV but it was to be of little avail,Since the voices and images to my mind had all become veiled,I sat at the computer to write down my inner fears of the day,Yet my eyes and fingers would not correspond in the same way,Yes, my early morning harmony lay around me shattered in affray.
Then as the evening moon finally took turn from the sinking sunMy wife at last returned, her day's hard labour had been done,She embraced me ever lovingly asking, 'Have you been ok?'I nodded with a smile and a Yes, it's been a very good day!But now it's even better that you're back in my arms,As we lay our heads together on pillows of soft silky downI quietly gave thanks to God that my lonely day was at an end.
Of Two Perspectives, by Barry
We live in our own world of delusions and fearsThat distraught our mind throughout days and nightsBut do we reflect about the one we most loveBe it our partner, husband or wife?They take upon their shoulders our continuous careWithout thoughts of themselves or their quality of life,Yet do we remember to give that loving embrace?Or do we cast criticisms, emotions and tears to their face,We should never forget the one we truly love so dear,Giving them space to cope with their own inner fears,Time to be alone with their own thoughts to dwell,Some solitude in peace from the turmoils of our hell,Yes the problem is complexity from both points of view,As we want eternal loving affection, but then so do you.This is surely an equation that even Einstein couldn't solve,It's just one more conundrum in an illness that has no resolve,Now one thing I realise as the days slowly languish byAs I can see from the anguish within your own loving eyes,This illness is not only affecting the life of just me,But tearing out the heart and soul of the one most dearest to me.
The Fight Never Ends, by Norrms:
Is it too soon to be talking of this?Secretly remembering our first kiss,Of how you will manage when I'm gone,When my fight is finished, over and done,I ask you this with tears in my eyes,Trying to stifle a million cries,Don't be so silly, you'll outlast me!Is always your answer, but please will you see,I neeed to make sure that life will be kind,And then you can rest and have peae of mind,I need to say this before the AD,Removes all my memories and steals them from me,I didn't mean to make you cry,Just want to be sure that you will get by,You take hold of my hand and say, Listen to me,You're going nowhere, why can't you see,We are in this together, no matter how long,Nobody's singing their last song,You have provided for us, all of your life,And I'm proud to say that I am your wife,We have wonderful kids, and grandchildren too,All of them grateful for the kindness from you.Then I say, Shh, please just let me say,That when my time comes, no matter what day,You shall remember, that very first kiss,And how all our life has been absolute bliss,And do me one favour, is my question to you,When you look up, at a sky that's so blue,Always remember, I will always love you,And please say goodby to all of my friends,Especially on TP, The Fight Never Ends.
You can read previous poetry contributions by clicking on the links below. The most recent contributions are at the end of the list.
Information on Poetry
The times that were not!
I once eloped with a petticoat
'Blog, blah, blah, blah'
Look at life
My shadow
Memories
Two poems
Don't treat me like a mattress
Simple as ABC
Has Life Passed By?
My Sister
Of Endless Days
Tree of Life
Reality or Dream
Perspective
There is no turning back
Now I have gone
Laughing at dementia and why not
A passing year
A poem by Frank - let the words flow
Distant Memories
My Mum and Dad's day with Alzheimer's
Never a Typical Day
Memories Lament
Going Too Fast?
Field of Dreams
Watching the World Go by
Ups and Downs
Bewildered
Gardening with Alzheimer's
It's OK to be scared
The Time Has Come
The Fight Never Ends
Of Two Perspectives
Say to yourself
You are never alone
Friends
Moments
My, my, another day
For one more day
Coping or not... with Alzheimer's
Of my eyes
Who can help?
He Gave In But He Never Gave Out
Of my Dementia
Spirit of Life
Of Courage
Do You Remember?
Reflections of Timeless Love within Dementia
Misty Horizons
Out of the Shadows
Nan
Al Zimer
Of the night
Hello Alzheimer's
The Alzheimer's Train
That's Asda Price
Distorted Day
Love's Lone Rose
Explaining to Mum
Gone Wandering
Alzheimer's Mountain
If My Eyes Could Talk
In Remembrance
I've Got Through Another Day
Betwixt Two Worlds
Just Once More
Left Alone

Alzheimer's and Dementia Forum

2009-06-09T13:30:00.000-07:00

Welcome to Alzheimer's Forum

Your weekly magazine on the web

A website designed and written by people with dementia from around the world.

Being diagnosed with dementia does not mean the end of life. We still have brains, we can still laugh and cry. We still have feelings!

This website highlights how having any type of dementia or memory related problem can affect us all through the different stages of the illness.

'Dementia is not just an illness - it's a whole new way of life for us and for our families.'

Although this website is designed for people with memory problems, even families and carers will find it of use in broadening awareness of the illness.

We're in a class of our own worldwide. This website is written BY and FOR people with dementia

WANTED!
People with dementia involved in trying to make a change
The Bradford Dementia Group at Bradford University are looking for 25 people across the UK who are interested in bringing about change or who speak out or campaign on issues which matter to them.
They are looking for a variety of people: it may be that you are involved in community events, or that you write letters to newspapers, sign petitions or speak out in public. Maybe you keep a blog, have volunteered your skills to get better services or are involved in campaigns on a local or national level.
Whatever your level of involvement, they are interested in finding out why you get involved and how your activities affect you, your family and your life in general. The project will take place from August 2009.
To volunteer you need to

have a dementia diagnosis
be interested in changing things, speaking out or campaigning
be prepared to talk to a researcher
be prepared to keep a diary for up to one month; you can keep a written, photo or audio diary, whichever suits you best.

They are also looking for 5 people with dementia who are interested in piloting the materials they are going to use to make sure they have got them right. The pilot will last two weeks and will take place in June 2009.

If you are interested in finding out more please email socialchange@bradford.ac.uk or ring EJ on 01274 236 494 or Ruth on 01274 236 468.

What's new on Alzheimer's Forum

A FIRST! 2009 CALENDAR - you can still download the remaining months of the year.
For the first time on Alzheimer's Forum, download and print a calendar for 2009. You will find it in the Multimedia section under Photos. We also have a Screensaver calendar and you can download and use each month as your screensaver.
Alzheimer's Forum is viewed from around the world Have a look at our summary of website views and a breakdown of the pages viewed to see the global impact of this website. Thank you for your support and for making Alzheimer's Forum so successful in broadening the awareness of Alzheimer's and dementia.
We have lots of new contributions under Thoughts and Experiences. Barry has written of his own thoughts about the Two Perspectives of Dementia, to show how the illness has affected him.
Go to the Multimedia section and listen Barry talk about the Four years within Alzheimer's. Download and print the new book Poetic Thoughts - a book of poems about Alzheimer's and dementia.

There are lots of new word puzzles for you to try. Have a look at our latest puzzle, it's all about the things you will find at the seaside.
Do you have a Predicament of the Month? Please send us your thoughts for the current predicament: WALKING, STUMBLING, BUMPING INTO EACH OTHER OR EVEN TRYING TO CROSS THE ROAD - HOW DOES IT AFFECT YOU? Email us and let us know. Share your views with others.

Look at the new poems in the Poetry section. There are two new very thought provoking poems from Norrms and Barry. Maybe you could send us a poem. Sometimes it's easier to get the message across through a poem. Why not have a go?
Remember you are never alone so email us as we want to hear from you. Click on the links on the left-hand-side menu to browse the contributions from other visitors to our website. Email us at friends@alzheimersforum.org .

Dementia and Sexuality

2009-06-09T07:51:00.000-07:00

Sexuality and dementia
DownloadSexuality and dementia (pdf)
Information for people with dementia, their carers and their families. It looks at sexuality and intimacy when someone with dementia is living at home.
As dementia progresses needs change: existing relationships may have to adapt, new relationships may form, desires may fluctuate. What does not change is the right of every adult to be sexually alive should they wish to be so, regardless of age, ability or sexual preference. Sexuality is a basic need which people with dementia and their carers should be able to express without fear of disapproval.
Key points Existing relationships Balancing needs and desires Understanding behaviour which seems sexual New relationships Safe sex Further help Further reading
Key points:
People with dementia have lived with their sexuality for much longer than they have lived with dementia.
Not everyone with dementia is old – in Scotland there are approximately 1600 people with early onset dementia (under 65).
Not everyone with dementia is heterosexual.
Not everyone chooses to exercise their right to be a sexual being.
Couples who work on their relationships can keep them stronger for longer.
Maintaining a healthy sex-life can improve overall quality of life for carers and people with dementia
Carers need to consider their own needs alongside those of people with dementia.
Sex and sensuality encompass a kaleidoscope of feelings and activities; from the deepest longings for mutual affection to the simple enjoyment of the company of a loved one. Sexuality also covers a gamut of behaviours – touching, kissing, caressing and cuddling, genital intercourse with mutual orgasm and feelings of closeness and being wanted and valued as a human being -Sex, Intimacy and Aged Care
Existing relationships
All relationships change with time. However, the increased physical and emotional dependency between partners which dementia brings can have a massive impact on even the strongest relationships.
People with dementia experience its progression in different ways and at different rates. As the ability to cope with ordinary life is gradually impaired, alterations in personality, presentation and behaviour (including sexual behaviour) may become more obvious. Loss of memory, declining physical health, inability to concentrate and growing confusion lead to greater dependency on carers. Inevitably this will impact on relationships and affect the way in which partners relate to each other both physically and emotionally.
Being provided with intimate personal care by a loved one can be a positive emotional experience for some people with dementia. For others it represents a loss of dignity and can have negative impact on how they feel about a sexual partner and about themselves.
Similarly for carers, the emotional effect of a partner’s increased dependency and need for physical care might change their sexual feelings towards them. Some carers may simply be too tired for sex or too emotionally overwhelmed to expend precious energy on the sexual aspects of their relationship. There are no easy solutions to coping with the ongoing changes in relationships. However, understanding that these changes are experienced by many people and having some insight into their causes can help.
Seeing beyond dementia
Sometimes what appear to be personality changes in a person with dementia are caused by sheer boredom, frustration at a misunderstood situation, unfamiliar surroundings or tasks which have become too difficult. Depression can be an underlying cause of personality changes in people with dementia but it can be successfully treated. Carers too can become overwhelmed, frustrated, depressed, anxious and stressed - emotions which their partner may sense and in turn be affected by.
It is important for many couples to have a safe place (this might be a friend, a support group, a helpline, a confidential internet chat-line, a counsellor) in which to air emotional issues affecting their relationship. Supportive family and friends are often vital both to the person with dementia and his or her carer. Support groups for people with early stage dementia and for carers are an excellent way for some people to exchange feelings, experiences and frustrations.
Other coping mechanisms that people have found useful include planning positive time apart to relax and build-up self-esteem. Some people are able to retain their sense of self by channelling energy into creative projects like writing poetry, listening to music, gardening, painting or keeping a journal.
If time apart is difficult to arrange or is not wanted then couples can focus on the positive aspects of their relationship by engaging in activities they still enjoy doing together. For example, putting together albums of photos and souvenirs which prompt positive reflections of past and present events, taking short trips to places and people they like visiting, dancing to favourite music, working together to complete simple household projects like baking or gardening. (See Alzheimer Scotland’s Activities booklet for more ideas.)
Redefining sexual intimacy
Redefining sexual intimacy is an enormous challenge, especially as the needs of both partners must be considered. A person with dementia may experience a loss of sexual manners and appear to be less thoughtful than they once were. A partner can address this by taking a more active role in finding a way to make sex pleasurable for both.
Although a person with dementia may forget how they used to please their partner and themselves during sex, what they will not lose is the need for intimacy and touch. However, for both partners feelings of guilt, despair, resentment, anger, worry and fear for the future can interfere with their ability to sustain a close intimate relationship. Therefore communication between partners is vital – sharing feelings and thoughts is a far more positive response to stress than nursing anxieties and grievances.
Increased interest in sex
Sometimes a person with dementia forgets that they have just had sex, or tries to initiate more sex than their partner can cope with. If a partner feels unequal to a person with dementia’s sexual needs then perhaps they can help them to masturbate in private. Where repeated demands for sex become overwhelming then gentle diversionary tactics may help such as getting involved in an activity together, or avoiding outright refusal by saying -
maybe later after I’ve...
Reduced interest in sex
Whilst some people with dementia may lose interest in sex they are likely to retain their need for physical contact. Gentle stroking and touching may be enough to replace a full sexual relationship and there are several other ways to incorporate touch into a care routine. For example, regular kissing and cuddling or patting and rubbing to allay distress and to communicate reassurance and love. The positive benefit of gentle hand massage using aromatherapy oils has been reported(1) and is another simple way to enjoy the feeling of shared touch.
For partners who no longer share a bed it may help the person with dementia to have something to cuddle, such as a soft toy, covered hot water bottle or even a pillow. This may seem a patronising response but should not be dismissed if it is found to be of comfort, especially to someone who has been used to the presence of another warm body beside them in bed for most of their adult life.
Different approaches
Physical ill-health or the side-effects of medication may affect either partner’s ability to have vigorous intercourse. Mutual masturbation and fondling can provide a less physical substitute but still be a rewarding way in which to express love and desire for each other. You should speak to your doctor if you think the side-effects of medication may be having an adverse effect or if you are worried about problems which may have an underlying physical cause – such as inability to have or to maintain an erection, premature ejaculation, vaginal dryness or loss of libido. (See Alzheimer Scotland’s booklet – Getting help from your doctor.) Couples should feel comfortable with whatever works for them within the context of a loving relationship and they should try not to be embarrassed if they need to seek help.
Balancing needs and desires
In some relationships the partner who is the carer may feel guilty because they still wish to have sex but the person with dementia has become passive and unresponsive. In these circumstances some carers start to feel that continuing to have sex with their partner is an abuse of the relationship, whilst others see maintaining their sex life as quite normal. Men in particular may feel that they are taking advantage of a partner who is compliant and unable to signal enjoyment, or indeed consent. It is important to learn to read non-verbal signals and to respect any sign of fear or reluctance from a partner with dementia. If this does becomes a matter of concern, it may help to speak to other carers, a relationship counsellor, or to a psychiatrist (see Further help).
Those involved with the support and care of the person with dementia will need to determine a number of things including:
is your partner still able to recognise you?
is your partner able to say no or able to show an ability to express their wishes and views?
As with all of us, a person with dementia’s sex life is deeply personal. If a person with dementia becomes the subject for discussion with professionals, their confidentiality and right to be treated with dignity and respect should be maintained, as should that of their carer.
Sexual aggression and an excessive interest in sex
Sometimes people with dementia can show an excessive interest in sex. They may appear to be sexually aggressive, demanding repeated sex from partners or they may attempt to have sex with people other than their partner. They may masturbate frequently or try to touch other people inappropriately. However, all of these kinds of behaviour are fairly rare(4) .
Dementia causes gradual damage to the brain which can change the way a person behaves. As with any behaviour it is helpful to consider the reasons the apparently sexual behaviour has occurred. Is the person with dementia signalling their need for closeness and reassurance? Are they angry because they no longer feel able to satisfy their partner? Could it be a by-product of medication they have been prescribed? This last is especially important as some drugs, including some anti-depressants, have side-effects which can cause excessive sexual interest and sexual arousal.
In extreme situations, where sexual aggression occurs, it may be difficult to manage. This is especially so when male partners are still physically strong. A carer may have to seek help to keep their partner, themselves and those around them safe in situations where the attentions of the person with dementia are violent or too persistent. It is important for a carer to recognise that their partner’s behaviour may be a component of their illness.
Domestic violence is a difficult subject to discuss because of the shame associated with it and an added sexual element may make it more embarrassing. For some couples the behaviour may be part of a long-learned pattern in a relationship which has been exacerbated by dementia. Although this is a difficult problem to discuss, other carers may provide useful help by sharing their experiences and advice. Day care workers, community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) and psychiatrists should also be a good source of practical support and guidance.
Understanding behaviour which seems sexual
There may be times when a person with dementia behaves in sexually inappropriate ways. For example, undressing at the wrong time, exposing themselves, masturbating in public, making what seem like sexual approaches, using obscene or sexually explicit language. Although this can embarrass a carer it is vital to remember that dementia affects a person’s understanding of social situations and therefore their ability to behave as might be expected.
Realising that apparently sexualised behaviour is the effect of dementia and seldom involves sexual arousal can help to depersonalise it and gives a carer the emotional distance to devise strategies for managing. Rather than "sort" the behaviour, it is helpful to consider the reasons why a person, any person – not just a person with dementia, would behave that way. For example, are they:
removing clothes because they are too hot, itchy, tight or uncomfortable?
exposing themselves because they need to go the bathroom?
bored and frustrated?
mistaking someone else for their partner?
expressing a need for touch?
misinterpreting the behaviour of other people?
How to help
When sexualised behaviour happens in public it is hard not to be shocked and to over-react. However, it is important to try to remain calm and not to communicate anger or distress to the person with dementia. What is not a good solution is to stop going out in public. Becoming isolated is bad for both carers and people with dementia.
Try to focus on the reasons why the person with dementia is behaving in a particular way (see above) and, if it is causing embarrassment, to distract them with something else.
If necessary, lead the person with dementia away from the situation, calmly and gently. Unless the situation is serious try to avoid physically restraining the person with dementia, as this may cause them to become more frustrated.
Speak to family and friends about understanding and dealing with potentially embarrassing situations.
Seek practical advice from other carers, and from social workers and healthcare professionals.
Learn from previous experiences. Try to identify the circumstances in which this behaviour is likeliest to happen. Are there cues? For example – is it when the person with dementia is tired or bored, is restless, starts blushing, or when they start picking at their clothing, or when they are in the company of particular people?
If you do manage to identify situations and/or triggers you will you be more prepared and better-equipped to cope if they happen again. Also, when you need a break from caring, you will be able to pass on practical guidance about how to look after your partner to a substitute carer.
New relationships
Respecting autonomy
Older people with dementia are faced with society’s reluctance to accept that sex is not the sole preserve of the young. Whilst younger people with dementia are less likely to have their sexual needs questioned they too may find that relatives worry on their behalf.
People with dementia are usually capable of forming new intimate relationships. Relatives, especially grown-up children, may have difficulty in acknowledging that parents are sexually alive or feel resentment that a new partner appears to be taking the place of a parent who has died. But all adults, regardless of age, have the right to make choices about their relationships and to have a private life. If those closest to a person with dementia are satisfied that their friend or relative is not physically or mentally vulnerable as the result of a relationship, and that no-one else is being harmed, then they should not attempt to interfere.
As long as a person with dementia is able to make decisions about their life then these decisions should be respected. Whilst a person with dementia is still capable of understanding what they are doing they may choose to set up a welfare power of attorney. A welfare power of attorney allows a person to make their wishes for the future clear and it only comes into force when the person to whom it applies becomes incapable. For more information see Alzheimer Scotland’s booklet Dementia - Money and Legal Matters: A Guide.
If protection becomes necessary
If families are still concerned that a relative with dementia is open to physical or emotional abuse in a relationship, then there are steps they can take. Initially they should share their fears with any professionals involved with their relative, such as GPs and social workers. If it becomes necessary to consult others about a person with dementia it is essential to respect their dignity and right to privacy. Those involved with the support and care of the person with dementia will need to determine a number of things including:
is that person comfortable with the relationship?
is that person still able to avoid exploitation?
is that person’s behaviour consistent with their prior beliefs and values?
is that person capable of saying no?
Sexual abuse of a person with dementia can constitute a criminal offence. It may also be a reason for the local authority to intervene to protect that person. Where an adult is unable to take decisions to protect their own interests, there are procedures to allow a family member to act on their behalf. For example, the person with dementia may have granted a welfare power of attorney. It is also possible for a family member or other concerned persons to seek an intervention or guardianship order.
For more help with this you can speak to your local authority social work department, a solicitor, the Public Guardian or the Mental Welfare Commission (see Further help). For more information see Alzheimer Scotland’s booklet Dementia - Money and Legal Matters: A Guide. Whatever the level of capacity of a person with dementia, their rights must come first.
Safe sex
The risk of sexual infection does not diminish with age. Contraception should still be a consideration for men of all ages and for younger women in heterosexual relationships. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) which causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) are a potential danger to all those who are sexually active. Although most people in long-term relationships will have addressed the need for safe sex, in new relationships it is important that both partners discuss how they are going to protect themselves. GPs are a good source of advice on both family planning and safe sex.
Further help
For carers and people with dementia
Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Helpline The 24 hour Dementia Helpline, 0808 808 3000 is for:
people with dementia
carers
relatives
and anyone concerned about dementia.
DASN – Dementia Advocacy and Support NetworkA worldwide organisation run by and for those with dementia working together to improve their quality of life. As well as information about dementia, their website has links to chat rooms where people can meet on-line and to their e-mail community.Website: www.dasninternational.org/
Relationship counselling
GPSome surgeries now have NHS counselling services available.
Person Centred Therapy ScotlandTel: 0870 7650871E-mail: info@pctscotland.co.ukWebsite:www.pctscotland.co.ukHave a leaflet called 'Finding a counsellor in Scotland' and a directory of counsellors.
Couple Counselling Scotland40 North Castle Street, Edinburgh. EH2 3BNTel: 0131 225 5006E-mail: enquiries@couplecounselling.orgWebsite:www.couplecounselling.org/ Offers couples and individuals an opportunity to explore their intimate personal relationships in a safe and comfortable setting.
SPOD (Association to Aid the Sexual and Personal Relationships of People With a Disability)286 Camden Road, London. N7 OBJHelpline: 020 7607 8851. Tuesday 11.00am - 2.00 pm, Thursday 11.00am - 2.00pmE-mail: info@spod-uk.orgOffers advice on sex, sexuality and personal relationships tailored to the needs of disabled people.
The British Association for CounsellingBACP House, 35-37 Albert Street, Rugby. CV21 2SG.Tel: 0870 443 5252 (calls charged at national rate)E-mail: information@bacp.co.ukWebsite:www.bacp.co.uk Has a searchable database of therapists and holds a list of trained counsellors and psychotherapy organisations.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender support
Gay and Lesbian Carers Network, Alzheimer's SocietyGordon House, 10 Greencoat Place, London. SW1P 1PHE-mail: gaycarers@alzheimers.org.ukTel: Roger - 01843 220932, Arthur - 01273 628047, Bruce - 01865 847471 , Sally - 020 8675 0660Lesbian women and gay men caring for a partner, relative or friend with dementia face many challenges. The Network has trained and skilled volunteers able to offer a listening ear.
Scottish lesbian and gay switchboardsProvide telephone counselling and support on: sexuality, relationships and ‘coming out’; safer sex and sexual health and information on social life, support groups, housing, legal issues and employment. The service is completely confidential - regional numbers listed below.
Ayrshire - 01292 619 000Borders Gay Switchboard -Thursdays 7:30pm - 10 pm, Tel: 01896 756 611LGBT Youth Scotland: Dumfries & Galloway Service - Tel: 01387 739888; text line 0778 527 4147; e-mail: dandg@lgbtyouth.org.uk . Runs a group every Friday evening (6-9.30) for LGBT people over 26 plus a lunch-time drop in every Tuesday (12-2). Contact Christine.Layden@lgbtyouth.org.ukDundee LGB Switchboard - Mondays 7pm - 10 pm, Tel: 01382 202 620Fife Friend Fridays - Fridays 7:30pm - 10pm, Tel: 01592 266 688Grampian LGB Switchboard - Wednesdays and Fridays 7pm - 10pm, Tel: 01224 633 500Lothian Gay & Lesbian Switchboard - Nightly 7:30pm - 10pm, Tel: 0131 556 4049Lothian Lesbian Line - Mondays and Thursdays.7:30pm - 10pm, Tel: 0131 557 0751Moray LGB Switchboard - Men: Fridays. 7pm - 10pm, Tel: 01343 541 188 , Women: Thursdays 7pm – 10pmStrathclyde G&L Switchboard - Nightly 7pm - 10pm, Tel: 0141 332 8372Strathclyde Lesbian Line - Wednesdays 7:30pm - 10pm, Tel: 0141 354 0400
Help with intervention or guardianship orders
Mental Welfare Commission for ScotlandArgyle House, 3 Lady Lawson Street, Edinburgh. EH3 9SHTel: 0131 222 6111E-mail: enquiries@mwcscot.org.ukWebsite: www.mwcscot.org.ukSafeguards the rights and welfare of people with mental illness and learning disability both in hospital and living in the community.
Public GuardianOffice of the Public Guardian, Hadrian House, Callander Business Park, Callander Road, Falkirk. FK1 1XRTel: 01324 678300, Fax: 01324 678301E -mail: opg@scotcourts.gov.ukWebsite: www.publicguardian-scotland.gov.ukThe Public Guardian registers continuing and welfare powers of attorney, authorisations to access funds, guardianship orders and intervention orders pronounced in terms of the Act.
Further reading
Sex, Intimacy and Aged Care by Barbara ShermanJessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd, London 1999. £13.95.This book challenges us to examine our own attitudes. Stories of the experiences of caregivers, families of people affected by dementia illustrate the difficulties encountered by sexual partners, as well as the complexity of the situations confronting professional careworkers.
Sexuality and Dementia Video and Training Handbook by Carole ArchibaldUniversity of Stirling, 1994.Training handbook and supporting video focusing on the expression of sexuality by people with dementia and the subsequent difficulties experienced by care staff.It costs £40 to buy the full training pack, or £9.00 for the carers’ video but both can be borrowed from the Dementia Services Development Centre (details below). They also have, available for loan only, an American video about heterosexual couples where one partner has dementia, called A Thousand Tomorrows. Contact:Dementia Services Development Centre, University of Stirling, Stirling. FK9 4LATel: 01786 467740
Activities - a guide for people concerned about their memory, people with dementia and their carers, Alzheimer Scotland. £1.50 (post and packing free within the UK) – single copies free to carers and people with dementia in Scotland via the 24 hour Dementia Helpline 0808 808 3000. For carers who look after someone who has moderate to severe dementia and need help with planning daily activities. Keeping someone with dementia busy and engaged will become more difficult as the dementia progresses. However by focusing on what he or she can do, even when the illness is quite advanced, you can both enjoy a range of stimulating activities and outings together.
Getting help from your doctor – a guide for people worried about their memory, people with dementia and their carers, Alzheimer Scotland. £1.50 (post and packing free within the UK) - single copies free to carers and people with dementia in Scotland via the 24 hour Dementia Helpline 0808 808 3000. It will help you to find out how doctors and other health workers can help you. The information in this booklet will also help relatives or carers of people with dementia, and there is a section especially for them.
Don’t make the journey alone, Alzheimer Scotland. £1.50 (post and packing free within the UK) - single copies free to carers and people with dementia in Scotland via the 24 hour Dementia Helpline 0808 808 3000. Clearly presented information about dementia written by people with dementia for people with dementia.
Dementia – Money and Legal Matters: A Guide, Alzheimer Scotland. £3.50 (post and packing free within the UK) - single copies free to carers and people with dementia in Scotland via the 24 hour Dementia Helpline 0808 808 800. A 52 page booklet. This information is for people with early stage dementia and for people helping or caring for someone with dementia.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Dr Carole Archibald of the Dementia Services Development Centre at the University of Stirling and staff at Alzheimer Scotland.
Feedback
Alzheimer Scotland actively seeks the views of people with dementia and their carers. If you have any comments or suggestions about this information sheet please send them to:Information DepartmentAlzheimer Scotland22 Drumsheugh GardensEdinburgh EH3 7RNE-mail: alzheimer@alzscot.org

Getting Help, Dementia Patients and their Caregivers,

2009-06-09T07:36:00.000-07:00

From country to country there is wide variation in the provision of care for people with dementia and their caregivers. In many countries there will be little or no care outside the family. However, wherever you live, there are some basic things that caregivers need.
These are:
medical help with diagnosis and care
help with the task of caring
rests (breaks, respite) from caring
regular health checks for you the caregiver
information about home care, day centre, or nursing home care
In some countries, you can get help and support for the day-to-day tasks of caring. There is a wide range of support and information available, so do not be afraid to ask. Remember you are not alone.
The topics you will find here cover:
sources of help and information
community care
day care
respite care
nursing and residential homes
choosing a home
questions to ask a home
making the move
Sources of help and information
"It is worth looking for help, even though it may seem hard to find."
There are many people and organisations in both the voluntary and professional sectors to make caring easier for you. The main contacts who can help you find support include:
the doctor in charge of the person with dementia
local social services
your national Alzheimer's association
National Alzheimer associations often have local branches, who can inform you about the services available in your area. The societies may comprise of fellow caregivers. These people will understand your needs, fears and concerns, and can be an invaluable source of information and support. A list of national Alzheimer's associations is available.
Opportunities also exist for caregivers to learn about dementia, and how to care for someone with dementia. Local groups often have speakers and run practical sessions on caring. It is also possible that more formal courses are organised at both regional and national levels. Consider attending these courses, as they will help you cope with the needs of someone with dementia.

Community care
"Getting help at home may allow you both to keep your independence."
Community care is a general term for services provided to help people with an illness or disability continue living in their own homes. In some countries there are a number of different services designed to support people in their own homes, however these will vary from country to country.
To obtain hospital services in the community, you need to contact the person's doctor or specialist. They will then detail the help available to you, and how to get it. For other services, you may need to contact your local social services department.
If you are the main caregiver, and you share your house with the person with dementia, or spend a large proportion of your time looking after them, there maybe help you can get too. It is worth contacting the person's doctor or local dementia support group for more information.
Day care
"Day care allows you to continue looking after the person while also giving you time to yourself."
If you are unable to look after someone with dementia all the time, for example during the day when you have to work, you may consider using day care centres. These provide care facilities when you need time to yourself regularly.

Respite care
"Respite care can give you some time to yourself."
Respite care means having someone look after the person with dementia, while you have a break from the responsibility of caring. It is important that you are able to get rest as a caregiver. You will not be able to look after someone with dementia if you are not fit yourself - this means having time-off.
Respite care takes a number of forms. Usually, the person goes into hospital or a nursing home for a week or two. In other cases, a caregiver will come to your home and look after the person, while you take a break.
Where nursing homes offer respite services, consider using these to see if the person might consider staying there when the time comes to move them to a home.

Nursing and residential homes
"Ease the pain of putting the person you care about into someone else's care by choosing an appropriate home."
Making the choice to move someone you care deeply about into a nursing or residential home is one of the most difficult choices you will have to make. Yet the move can be made easier if you take time to select the right home.
The main difference between nursing and residential homes is that residential homes look after people who are more active and alert. Nursing homes generally have a greater number of registered nurses on their staff in order to provide 24-hour nursing care.

Choosing a home
"Make sure the home you choose has both the right level of care and type of atmosphere to suit the person."
When choosing a home, you first need to check that the home can care for someone with dementia. Get as much information about homes from the person's doctor, social services and local dementia support group.
Once you have a list of home's names and numbers, call and make appointments to visit as many as possible. Ask questions and, from your visits, select a shortlist of homes that you think will provide the right level of care, with the right atmosphere to suit the person.
Then visit all the homes on the short-list, taking the person with you. If the home offers respite care services, see if the person can stay there, to find out if they will be happy there.
The whole process can take a long time and be very painful. However it is important that you spend time to make the right choice. In the long-term, this will make life more comfortable for the person and help you feel better about the move.

Questions to ask a home
"Asking questions will help you choose the right home for the person with dementia."
This is a list of questions that you might consider asking when looking for a home. Ask yourself:
where is the home situated? Will it be easy for friends and family to visit?
is the home friendly, welcoming and homely?
is it well furnished?
is it clean and sweet smelling? There should be no smell of urine.
do the staff treat people with tact and respect when helping them with bathing or visiting the toilet?
are there activities going on? How are chairs arranged? Is the television just left on all day?
Ask the nursing home:
are there places to get out to? Are outings arranged?
is there a safe garden to walk in?
are there enough rooms for residents to sit in?
what is the home's practice about smoking?
is there access for wheelchairs or walking frames? Are the toilets and baths suitably adapted?
are single rooms available?
can you take the person's own furniture and other possessions?
can residents use their own rooms to be private, and do the staff respect their need for privacy?
will they have their own toilet? Are there enough toilets and bathrooms for all the residents?
what is the food like? Is the food prepared at the home appealing and nutritious? Are choices offered at mealtimes? Are special diets catered for?
will the person be able to eat in their own room if he/she wishes?
will he/she be able to eat at a different time, or have a snack, just like at home?
what are the arrangements for medical care?
are dental treatment and chiropody available?

Making the move
"Make the move easier by continuing to care for the person after they have moved into the home."
Good planning and preparation is the best way of reducing stress around the move. Guilt is often a key factor in making the move, so it is important that you recognise this feeling for what it is. Do not forget that you are doing this for their benefit, as well as yours and your family's. Nothing you do will change the outcome of dementia, so all you can do now is make sure that the person is comfortable, safe and reasonably content.
Your role as a caregiver does not need to stop here. You can continue to provide the person with your care by visiting them regularly and helping at mealtimes and with baths. This will make the whole transfer less traumatic for you both.
Where next?
Living and caring for a person with dementia
Find your local Alzheimer association
Help for carers

Every day Challenges for a Caregiver

2009-06-09T07:27:00.000-07:00

Here we look at the everyday challenges that a caregiver has to cope with and suggest ways in which these can be met. The subjects are:
bathing and personal hygiene
dressing
toileting and incontinence
cooking
eating
driving
alcohol and cigarettes
sleeping problems
repetitive questioning and behaviour
clinging
losing personal items
hallucinations and delusions
sexual relationships
inappropriate sexual behaviour
wandering
violence and aggression
depression and anxiety

Bathing and personal hygiene
"Make bathing an enjoyable, relaxing and stress free activity - not a forced chore."
Someone with dementia may forget to bathe, not recognise the need, or have forgotten what to do. In this situation you must respect the person's dignity when helping.
Associate washing with an activity, such as going to a restaurant or visiting friends, this may prompt the person to wash. Rather than forcing the person to wash, try to make it enjoyable and relaxing. Use praise and encouragement when the person is freshly bathed, rather than criticism of their cleanliness. A shower, or stand-up wash may be easier than a bath. However, if the person has not been used to a shower it may seem alarming and is best avoided.
Simplify bathing and allow the person to do as much as possible unaided. They may know they need to wash, but may have forgotten what to do. Gently remind them of the required steps as they wash themselves. If the person appears embarrassed when bathing, keeping portions of their body covered may be helpful. If the person refuses to be washed, try again later when their mood may have changed. If you constantly have problems with washing, seek support and get someone else to do it.
Finally think about safety. Bathrooms can be wet and slippery, so use grab rails, non-slip mats or an extra chair. These all help prevent accidents.

Dressing
"Make dressing an enjoyable shared activity."
A person with dementia often forgets how to dress and may not recognise the need to change clothes. Use dressing as a simple way of keeping the person active and helping them retain their sense of independence and self-esteem.
Allow plenty of time for dressing, make sure the atmosphere is calm and warm. If the person is struggling, lay out clothes in the order they should put them on, or verbally suggest which item of clothing the person should put on. As the disease progresses, you may have to pass the items of clothing to the person and explain how or help to put the clothes on.
Some items of clothing are easier to put on than others. Use wide-necked tops, baggy trousers and non-skid slip-on shoes, as these all help make dressing easier. Try to ensure that the person with dementia is comfortable with the clothes selected, involving them in the selection process.

Toileting and incontinence
"Confusion is often the cause of incontinence, so limit large drinks, label the toilet door with signs and dress the person in loose clothing."
The person with dementia may lose the ability to recognise when to go to the toilet, where the toilet is, or what to do when in the toilet. Confusion is often the cause of incontinence, but sometimes there are other possibilities so get professional advice.
There are some steps you can take to reduce the risks of accidents occurring. Limit large drinks last thing at night and create a schedule for going to toilet, for example regularly throughout the day and before getting into bed. Frequent toilet trips reduce the risk of accidents happening. During the night consider waking the person regularly and suggesting they go to the toilet. Remember that a person with dementia can be easily confused and might need taking to the toilet, especially if it is not near the bedroom. A chamber pot or commode by the bedside may be helpful in an emergency.
Around the house, use signs with bright colours and large letters to label the toilet door and leave it open to make it easy to find. Finally, make sure that clothing can be easily removed, as this makes going to the toilet easier.
Skin can be damaged if left exposed to urine, so make sure that the person with dementia showers or washes daily. If you cannot shower the person immediately after an accident, consider using baby wipes to clean the affected skin, and carrying spare clothing with you.
Incontinence means more work for you as a caregiver, which can be both upsetting and distasteful . These feelings are understandable and it is important that you contact someone to talk about the problem and your feelings. Your doctor or nurse and members of support groups will have come across these problems before and will be able to offer you help and support.

Cooking
"The ability to cook may be lost."
Assess how well the person can do their own cooking. While it is important that they maintain their independence for as long as possible, their health must not suffer. Poor physical condition, due to dementia, can result in the person injuring themselves with burns or cuts when cooking. Installing safety devices and removing sharp utensils from the kitchen can reduce chances of injury.
For the person, their ability to cook may diminish in the later stages of dementia. It may be hard for them to give up this role, if they are used to looking after themselves, their family or partner, so try and make cooking an enjoyable shared activity.
The inability to look after themselves poses problems if the person lives alone, with an increased risk of injury. Provide meals, or a meal service, and try to see that enough nutritious food is eaten.

Eating
"Eating is important! So get help if you are having difficulty coping."
People with dementia often forget if they have eaten, or how to use utensils. You may have to remind the person how to eat. Consider suggesting the use of a spoon instead of a knife and fork. Ask your doctor to put you in contact with a local occupational therapist, who could give you further information about devices that help with eating.
Finger food is easier to manage and not as messy. You can also cut the food up into small pieces to prevent choking. Remind the person to eat slowly and be aware that they may not be able to sense hot or cold, and could burn their mouth on hot food or liquids.
As the disease progresses, physical problems may arise such as not being able to chew properly or swallow. You may need to serve different portions of food one at a time to make eating easier . In the later stages of dementia the person may need to be fed or you may have to mash or liquidise all food. If the person has difficulty swallowing, you may need to consult your doctor to learn a technique to stimulate swallowing.

Driving
"Driving is a symbol of independence, so approach the subject of no longer driving with care."
People with dementia may no longer be aware that their judgement is impaired and reactions slower. Research suggests that a proportion of people in the early stages of dementia retain the ability to drive, but this ability can be lost easily. This problem can be difficult to handle, so you should approach the subject with care.
Discuss the subject with the person gently, and suggest using public transportation instead of driving. If the person has stopped driving, try to maintain their independence by suggesting they organise a taxi or mini-cab account.
If driving remains a problem, consider selling the car if you do not need it yourself. This way the person with dementia may not be continually reminded of the car. If you still need a car, consider making the keys hard to find, or suggest driving for the person.
If you cannot dissuade the person from driving, it may be necessary to consult with your doctor or the drivers licensing authority. Depending on your country, rules will apply whereby people with certain medical conditions can no longer drive, or need to re-take a driving test. Make sure you and the person adhere to your local regulations.

Alcohol and cigarettes
"Supervise drinking and smoking to make sure accidents don't happen."
There is no problem for a person with dementia drinking alcohol in moderation if their medication allows. However the person may forget they have just had a drink and so have another one. This cycle can lead to repetition with the person becoming drunk or unmanageable.
In these cases, try to reduce the amount of alcohol being drunk, by either reducing the number of bottles of alcohol available in the drinks cabinet, or emptying or diluting some of them. It might also be worth distracting the person with another activity, so that they do not think about drinking.
Cigarettes introduce a greater danger because of the risk of fire and damage to health. Always supervise the person when smoking, or try to discourage smoking altogether. Make sure that the clothes they wear and the furniture in the house are fire-resistant. Consider fitting a smoke alarm, which can alert you to any danger.

Sleeping problems
"Increasing daily activities and discouraging sleeping during the day, will help the person sleep at night."
The person with dementia may be restless at night and disturb the family. People with dementia can get disorientated in time and no longer recognise the difference between night and day. This can be the most exhausting problem as a caregiver.
Establishing a routine to keep the person with dementia busy is the first priority. The routine should keep them as busy and active as possible and discourage sleeping during the day, for example, long walks add more physical activity to the day and should help the person sleep at night.
Don't feed the person a large meal in the evening, and after the day's activities, keep the evening fairly quiet and relaxed. As bedtime approaches, make the person as comfortable as possible, with a warm and inviting bedroom.
If practical measures fail to improve matters, you may need to use sleeping pills in order to cope. Generally, these should be avoided in people with dementia. Your doctor can advise you on the best course of action.

Repetitive questioning and behaviour
"Repetitive questioning is caused by memory problems giving a general feeling of insecurity."
Dementia can make a person forget what they have said or done from one moment to the next, leading to repetitive questioning and actions. This may cause irritation for you the caregiver.
Rather than answering the question again and again, it may be helpful to say that everything is fine and try to make the person more secure. It might help to write the answer down. If the same question comes up again, you can direct the person to a written answer. Try to distract the person by changing the subject or giving hugs, if appropriate for the person.

Clinging
"Clinging behaviour can be difficult; try to deal with clinging behaviour by using memory joggers, activities or sitters to distract the person while you step away."
The person with dementia may become extra dependent on you and follow you everywhere. This can be frustrating, difficult to handle, and rob you of your privacy. The person may act this way as a result of feeling insecure and fear that when you leave them, you will not return.
Whenever you leave a person with dementia, it is important that you tell them you will come back. If necessary write this information down for the person. Another method is to provide them with something to occupy their attention while you step away.
If you need more space and time to yourself, you may want to call on a sitter. The sitter can be someone from a support group, or a member of your family or a friend. Either way, this will give you time to relax without having to worry about the person. Such breaks help you cope with caring for someone with dementia.

Losing personal items
"Don't argue about lost items, they can usually be found after a quick search."
An inevitable part of dementia is forgetting where objects were placed. This behaviour is caused by insecurity, combined with a sense of loss of control and of memory. In some cases the person will accuse you and others of taking the missing objects. It is vital to respond to the accusations without confrontation or anger . The first step is to agree with the person that the item is lost and help find it. It is pointless getting into an argument over the loss and will only upset you and the person.
What often happens is that when items go 'missing', the person will hide them in a place to prevent them from disappearing again. They then forget about this hiding place. If you look carefully, you will probably find the hiding place, so check these first in the search for the missing item.
You should make sure that you keep copies or spares of important items, such as keys, spectacles and documents. Try limiting the amount of valuables and money left about the house. This reduces the chance of a real theft occurring. Finally, always check waste baskets before emptying them, this prevents accidental loss of items.

Hallucinations and delusions
"Hallucinations and delusions are real to the person so deal with them, don't dismiss them."
It is not uncommon for the person with dementia to experience hallucinations or delusions.
If the person is experiencing an hallucination, they might see or hear things that are not there; for instance, figures at the foot of the bed, or voices in the room. Do not dismiss the validity of what the person has just seen, but distract them by drawing their attention to something real in the room. Hallucinations can be associated with poor vision, so it is worth a trip to the opticians for a check-up. Keep rooms well lit to ensure that the person is not misinterpreting what is going on around them. Also, check with your doctor about medications that are being used, they may contribute to the problem.
A delusion is a false belief. For example, the person may believe that they are under threat of harm from the caregiver. To the person this delusion is real and causes fear, and may result in distressing self-protective behaviour. Do not argue about the validity of what they believe, but try reassuring and comforting them if they are frightened. Your calm voice and holding hands gently can help calm the person down and bring them back to reality.

Sexual relationships
"Don't be afraid to discuss this and related issues with professionals trained to listen and help."
For some couples, sexual intimacy continues to be a satisfying part of their relationship, but dementia may alter the person's attitude. Gentle cuddling and holding may be mutually satisfying, and will let you know if he or she is able or inclined to engage in further intimacy. It is wise to be patient. The person may not respond in the same way as before, or may seem to lose interest.
The opposite may occur too. The person may make excessive demands for sex, or behave in a manner that makes you feel uncomfortable. If this is a problem, you may consider sleeping in a separate bedroom. Whether this becomes a permanent feature is a difficult decision to make, but one you must make if necessary.
You may feel guilty about yours or your partner's needs. Seek help from other caregivers or professionals you trust and don't be afraid to discuss these and related issues with a professional trained to understand and help you manage. In some countries there are people with special skills in this area, such as psychologists, social workers or counsellors who can provide advice and guidance.

Inappropriate sexual behaviour
"Remember, stay calm, avoid confrontation, and distract the person with another activity."
A person with dementia may display inappropriate sexual behaviour, but it is rare. Behaviour may include undressing in public, fondling genitals, or touching someone in an inappropriate way.
In responding, try not to over-react and never forget that it is the disease taking effect. Distracting the person with another activity is a useful way of defusing a situation. If the person removes their clothing, then calmly, quickly and gently discourage the behaviour and encourage another activity.

Wandering
"If the person is lost, seek help immediately and don't delay calling the police."
This is a worrying problem which needs managing. The person with dementia may wander around the home or leave the house and wander around the neighbourhood. If possible, prevent them from leaving the home without your knowledge, by making sure your home is secure.
Safety is a primary concern when the person with dementia is out in public alone. Make sure they have identification on them and keep an up-to-date photograph of them, in case they get lost.
If the person is lost, then alert your neighbours, friends and local police immediately. It is worth warning the police in advance of the person's condition and the possibility that they may get lost. Check the usual shops that they visit to eliminate those from the search.
When the person is found, avoid confrontation and showing anger - speak calmly, with acceptance and love. It is not their fault, but a problem associated with dementia.

Violence and aggression
"Violence and aggression are caused by the illness."
From time to time, the person may become angry, aggressive or violent. It is not a personal attack on you, but a part of their illness. There are many reasons why a person with dementia may feel angry. They may not like being helped with things they used to do on their own, or may simply be frustrated due to an inability to do things.
These short-term changes happen for a variety of reasons such as the person's sense of loss of social control and judgement, loss of the ability to express negative feelings safely, and loss of the ability to understand the actions and abilities of others. It is therefore worth finding and avoiding the causes of unwanted certain reactions.
If the person feels angry, aggressive or violent, keep calm and try not to show fear or alarm. Give them more space and try to draw their attention to a calming activity.
This is one of the most difficult things to cope with for a caregiver, and if violence occurs often, you will need to seek help. Talk to someone for support, and speak with your doctor about help with managing the person.

Depression and anxiety
"Depression is serious but treatable, so seek help and advice on how to deal with it."
The person with dementia may experience depression and be withdrawn and unhappy, speaking and thinking slowly. Dementia is a disabling disease, and it is understandable for a person with dementia to be depressed at times, so don't expect the person to recover from depression immediately.
Depression and anxiety can affect daily routines and interest in food, resulting in declining health. It is essential to provide more love and support for the person during these periods. Contact their doctor, who will be able to help or offer a referral to a counsellor, psychologist or psychiatrist. Treat this problem seriously and seek help.

I Have Dementia

2009-06-09T07:22:00.000-07:00

I have dementia
If you have been told that you have Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia or another dementia then this section is for you.
If you are experiencing memory problems or are having difficulties in performing everyday tasks visit your doctor. There may be reasons, other than dementia, for your problems and the doctor will be able to check.
If you have been diagnosed with dementia, finding this out can come as a shock, even if you have felt that something was not quite right. You may have lots of questions about what this means, what happens next with your family, social and working lives, and who can help you.
It is important to know that you are not alone. You may be able to get help, support and information from:
Your family and friends
Your doctor
Health and social workers
Counsellors
Alzheimer associations and other voluntary groups
Where next?
Life after diagnosis
Account of a personal experience
Why is early diagnosis important?
Younger people with dementia (aged under 65)
Treatments
Finding help
Other resources
These Alzheimer associations have content aimed at people with dementia on their websites:
Alzheimer's Association (USA)
Alzheimer's Australia
Alzheimer's Society (England, Wales, Northern Ireland)
Alzheimer Scotland
Alzheimer Society (Canada)
Alzheimer's Association Japan (in Japanese)
Romanian Alzheimer Society (in Romanian)
Other sites that may be helpful:
'Facing Dementia' - Health Scotland publication
Dementia Advocacy and Support Network International (DASNI) - an organisation for those diagnosed with dementia, working together to improve quality of life
"Survivre avec une maladie d'Alzheimer" - website in French created by a person with dementia in Switzerland

The Personal and Emotional Stress of Caregiving and Looking after Yourself

2009-06-09T07:18:00.000-07:00

Fit Women and Stress Incontinence

2009-06-07T11:05:00.000-07:00

It's a fact that women who play sport or exercise are more likely to suffer from stress incontinence than other women. Research has shown that 80% of elite trampolinists suffer from this problem, and at least 30% of women over 45 admit that it happens to them during physical activity. If you engage in any activity that increases abdominal pressure, such as jumping, jogging and skipping, it is quite likely that you will experience the small leaks of urine known as "stress incontinence".Because physically active women are more likely to be engaged in these high-impact activities, they are more likely to experience these leaks, and they need stronger pelvic floor muscles than the average woman to withstand the effects of their exercise programs.Women are frequently tempted to give up jogging, and similar activities, in order to avoid these embarrassing leaks. But the problem with simply avoiding high impact activities is that avoidance doesn't fix the underlying problem that is causing the urine leakage. Over time, leaks can become more frequent and occur even during low impact activities.Fortunately there is an answer. For the great majority of women, stress incontinence responds extremely well to pelvic floor exercises. Building pelvic floor muscle strength has been identified as a successful approach by countless researchers, and is recommended internationally as the first line of therapy. If you are already an active woman with a lifestyle that includes regular exercise, it's just a question of incorporating some additional exercises into your existing program.If your pelvic floor muscles are already badly weakened, you may need the advice of a health professional before embarking on a pelvic floor exercise program. But if you only experience occasional leaks, you may prefer to try a simple exercise regime for yourself initially. You may also find that easy-to-use and affordable exercise aids can help you to develop correct exercise technique, and provide feedback on your increasing muscle strength. Exercise aids are also useful if you are one of the 50% of women who find pelvic floor exercises too difficult to do from verbal or written instructions.Start exercising your pelvic floor muscles by trying two simple exercises.Firstly, tighten the muscles around your back passage, vagina and front passage and lift up inside as if trying to stop passing wind and urine at the same time. It is very easy to bring other, irrelevant muscles into play, so try to isolate your pelvic floor muscles as much as possible by not pulling in your tummy, not squeezing your legs together, not tightening your buttocks and not holding your breath.The effort should be coming from the pelvic floor muscles themselves.Hold the contraction for as long as you can, building up to a maximum of 10 seconds. Rest for 4 seconds and then repeat the contraction as many times as you can up to a maximum of 10 contractions.Try to do these exercises in a slow and controlled way with a rest of 4 seconds between each muscle contraction. Practise your maximum number of held contractions (up to 10) about six times each day.The second exercise uses the same muscles but works them quickly to help them react to sudden stresses. Practise some quick contractions, drawing in the pelvic floor and holding for just one second before releasing the muscles. Do these steadily, aiming for a strong muscle tightening with each contraction up to a maximum of 10 times.Try to do one set of slow contractions, followed by one set of quick contractions, six times each day.Do these exercises regularly and you will see results within 3 to 6 months, but you should continue them for life to keep your pelvic floor muscles as fit as possible.

About the Author:Linda McClelland is the founder of Pelvic Floor Exercise, providing information, links and products to help women and men worldwide improve their pelvic floor fitness. More information about pelvic floor strengthening for active women can be found on her web page www.pelvicfloorexercise.com.au/fitness.htm.

Click Here!

Vaginal Weight Training for an overactive Bladder

2009-06-07T11:01:00.000-07:00

A conservative treatment for an overactive bladder and bladder incontinence is vaginal weight training. This technique is designed to help the pelvis floor muscle become firmer, thicker and broader. The pelvic floor muscles supports most of the organs inside the abdomen and helps to hold the bladder in the correct place, especially when standing in an upright position.Vaginal weight training is recommended for women who have developed bladder incontinence or an overactive bladder. These are quite common problems for women after they have given birth to 1 or more children. The highest risk of developing bladder incontinence is after the first child is born but giving birth to more children will increase the overall risk of developing bladder problems.High-impact exercises performed by women increases the shock to the pelvic area. This shock repeated over and over can lead to loss of muscle tone to the pelvic floor muscle. Women at highest risk for bladder problems are gymnasts, softball, volleyball, and basketball players.Weights have been specifically designed in shape and volume, starting at about 20 grams and gradually increasing in weight until 100 grams have been reached. Small weights are held within the vagina by tightening the muscles of the vagina. This exercise can be done standing or walking.A series of exercises should be performed for 15 minutes at a time, 2 times a day for 4 to 6 weeks. The weight can be increased gradually over time to increase the strength of the pelvic muscles. It make take several weeks or even months to achieve the desired level of bladder control, but most women experience some improvement soon after starting the exercise routine.An increase in bladder related problems have been reported for both men and women as age is increased but it is not considered a normal part of the ageing process. Only 15 to 30 percent of people living at home, 60 years of age and older have reported some type of urinary leakage. However, this percent is increased to over 50 percent in nursing home residents.It is recommended by health care professionals that you drink between 6 and 8 glasses of non-caffeinated, non-carbonated liquids every day. Flushing your bladder with large quantities of fluid will help prevent most of the known bladder problems not to mention the benefit to your digestive system. In addition there are other diet and vitamins products you can take for additional benefits.Common Vitamins and over the counter products can help with treating Bladder Problem such as Vitamin C, Vitamin A, L-cysteine, Vitamin E, Zinc and Cranberry Juice.Vitamin C can reduce the risk of developing urinary bladder cancer in smokers and drinkers.Vitamin A is an important immune system stimulant. DR. Nauss reported a reduced T-cell immune response in patients with a Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency may increase the risk of cancers of the lung, larynx, bladder, esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum and prostate. Vitamin A is stored in the liver and fat cells of the human body and can reach toxic levels. DO NOT take more than the recommended dosage of Vitamin A.L-cysteine is another immune system stimulant but should always be taken in conjunction with Vitamin C to reduce the risk of developing stone formation in the kidneys and bladder.Vitamin E accelerates wound healing and aids in the functioning of the immune system.Zinc also has a profound influence on the body's ability to resist disease.Cranberry Juice may also help prevent kidney and bladder infections. If you are taking COUMADIN then check with your doctor before using cranberry.Always consult your doctor before using this information.This Article is nutritional in nature and is not to be construed as medical advice.

About the Author:David Cowley has created numerous articles on bladder problems. He has also created a Web Site dedicated to Bladder Problems and how to treat them. Click on Bladder Treatment

Prostrate Cancer, A Guide for Each and Every Man

2009-06-07T10:57:00.000-07:00

Prostate cancer symptoms might or might not manifest in a man suffering from this condition. Being a slow developing type of cancer, some men who have the disease might not even know that they have it. Since cancer of the prostate is more common in older men, there are those who die of other causes or diseases without even being diagnosed with prostate cancer until their bodies are examined in the autopsy table. Particularly in the early stages, symptoms are almost non-existent in patients with this disease.For men who did experience prostate cancer symptoms, the most common are frequent urination, increased tendency to urinate at night, difficulty in maintaining a steady stream of urine, pain during urination and blood in the urine. Cancer of the prostate can also cause sexual function problems such as difficulty in achieving erection and painful ejaculation. If the condition is in the advanced stage or has metastasized in other parts of the body like the bone and the lymph nodes, additional symptoms will be most likely to occur. These can include bone pain, particularly in the spine, pelvis and ribs. If the cancer has spread to the spine, it can compress the spinal cord which can result to weakness in the legs and even urinary and fecal incontinence.The symptoms of prostate cancer are very similar to those of other prostate disorders such as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostatitis. To determine the reason behind the symptoms, a thorough examination is necessary. If the cancer is detected at its earliest stage, the patient will have a better chance of treating and maintaining the condition. Several methods of detecting cancer in the prostate have been developed during the last few years and two of the most common are the prostatic specific antigen (PSA) blood test and the digital rectal exam (DRE).PSA is a protein that is produced in the prostate gland and released in very small amounts into the bloodstream. If a patient has a prostate condition, more PSA is released into the blood until it reaches a level where it can be easily detected. PSA levels under 4 ng/mL are usually considered as normal, while levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL are considered intermediate. However, in some cases, men with prostate cancer still record a low level of PSA. In cases like these, a DRE is often conducted to supplement the results of the PSA test.DRE is a process wherein the physician inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to examine the size, shape and texture of the prostate and determine any irregularity. It is also often used by urologists to distinguish between cancer and non-cancerous conditions such as BPH and prostatitis.Although DRE and PSA test have been widely used as screening techniques, doctors have cautioned that these diagnostic measures are not 100 percent accurate. Other factors might cause the elevated level of PSA in a man's blood or cause irregularities in the prostate. With this in mind, patients are advised not to rush into these tests but have a long, detailed discussion with their physicians first.Getting screened for cancer is only advisable if any of the common prostate cancer symptoms are experienced by the patient. It is also important to remember that the symptoms might be caused by other conditions and not by cancer at all.

About the Author:Mensglands.com provides you with info on prostate cancer symptoms, its treatments and symptoms and how to overcome or reduce the risk of getting it. http://www.mensglands.com/

The Trouble with Incontinence

2009-06-07T10:49:00.000-07:00

It isn’t just the elderly who struggle with bladder incontinence. Anyone can develop bladder problems, leading to embarrassing leaks that can confine many people to their homes in fear of public embarrassment. Children with emotional disorders or hereditary conditions often struggle with its symptoms. Women who are pregnant or who have had multiple pregnancies likewise may experience it. Athletes who run frequently and intensively may develop a sensitive bladder. Yet, there are things you can do to manage this problem and enjoy freedom of movement once again.1. Get a medical diagnosis. Your doctor can order tests to find out what is causing your bladder leakage. It may be a problem that can be corrected by surgery. Find out how serious your problem is, the long-term prognosis, and any options that may exist with respect to having surgery. Also, ask about possible surgical and anesthesia-related risks.2. Better yet, you may be able to improve your bladder’s ability to retain fluid by practicing Kegel exercises that strengthen the bladder walls and pelvic floor. Many people, especially women, report success from practicing these exercises. Even if your bladder improvement is just temporary, you can do the Kegel exercises again later if the condition should return.3. Some people may be eligible to take medication to improve bladder control. This works well with younger patients for those with few additional health problems. Find out if you are eligible to try it by asking your doctor.4. Stop drinking fluids after 6 p.m. Those who drink less fluid in the evening may experience less leakage overnight. The same holds true for the daytime; if you plan to go out, don’t drink as much before leaving the house so you won’t have as great a need to void or experience fluid leaking while running errands or driving your car. When you plan to get most of your fluid intake, try to be at home around those times to avoid possible schedule disruptions or unpleasant surprises.5. Wear special padding as needed. Incontinence pads and products are available from drugstores, pharmacies, and supermarkets. Wear a pad anytime that you feel prone to leakage, whether at home or in public.Ask your doctor what you can do to improve your bladder’s condition. Some foods may be helpful in helping to eliminate excess fluid or strengthening the bladder walls. Shedding extra pounds will take some of the pressure off your bladder, and you may need to change the way you exercise to put less stress on this vital organ, and thereby relieve some of the pressure that causes leaking.Browse websites dedicated to this topic to learn more about how to keep your bladder healthy and which products are best able to help you do that. Your doctor will be able to provide guidance toward good sources of information and appropriate medical support. Don’t suffer in silence anymore. Get the help you need to regain your confidence and composure.About the Author:To learn more about microdermabrasion, and many other skin care and moisturizing products visit The Skin Moisturizing Specialists

Urinary Incontinence, in elderly adults

2009-06-07T10:45:00.000-07:00

Urinary incontinence is not an inevitable or normal part of aging. Women are more likely to experience urinary incontinence. The problems that can occur are: Skin breakdown, embarrassment, frustration, depression, and loss of self-esteem. These secondary problems of urinary incontinence can lead to social isolation, and loss of independence.Urinary incontinence can be successfully treated.Be honest with your private physician. Don't hide your problem from embarrassment and continue using peripads after menopause. Take note of how long you have been experiencing the problem and let your doctor know this fact. There can be many different causes of urinary incontinence. The most common type is "stress incontinence." Stress incontinence occurs when small amounts of urine leak from an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. This is more common in women who have had multiple pregnancies. This might happen while coughing, laughing, sneezing and exercising. Let your doctor know if your urinary incontinence occurs during these times. It could be "stress incontinence." You might write down the times it occurs. Keeping a journal of your symptoms and times they occur is a great resource to refer to while talking to your doctor.You can strengthen the muscles that control urine flow by doing pelvic floor muscle exercises called Kegal exercises. Kegal exercises can be done by women and men. One way is to tighten the pubococcygeal muscle (ask your doctor how to locate this muscle). Count slowly to three, then relax. Repeat the exericse 10 times for a set, 5 times per day and gradually increase to sets of 15 to 20 done 5 times per day. Your abdominal muscles should not move if you are doing the exercise correctly.Biofeedback therapy may also help. If these conservative therapies do not work, your doctor may prescribe an alpha-adrenergic agonist such as pseudoephedrine or a tricyclic antidepressant like imipramine might be prescribed.Whatever the cause of your urinary incontinence problems, if you will keep a journal of your symptoms and times the problems occur, it will be much more helpful to your doctor in diagnosing your problem and prescribing an appropriate treatment.Remember....urinary incontinence can be successfully treated and it is nothing to be embarrassed about. You just need to be honest with your doctor with your descriptions of the problem so he/she can prescribe an appropriate treatment for you. Urinary incontinence is not a normal and/or inevitable part of aging. Don't isolate yourself and let yourself become frustrated and depressed over it. Seek help openly with your private physician, and continue to enjoy time with your shih tzu and continue those long, soulful walks without the worry of urinary incontinence.About the Author:Connie Limon publishes a FREE weekly newsletter. A professional newsletter with a focus upon health and wellness for you and your pets. Discounts on shih tzu puppies are offered to subscribers. Current available puppies. Sign up at http://www.stainglassshihtzus.com/

Hypnosis and Incontinence

2009-06-07T10:39:00.001-07:00

With hypnosis you can deal with all the emotional and psychological issues relating to many conditions including adult incontinence. Not only can you create positive healthy changes with hypnosis, but you are involved with the process called self-hypnosis. Hypnosis is an empowering tool you can use on your own. There is no withdrawal, patches or gum, no sedation, medications, prescriptions, interactions or allergic reactions in hypnosis, so hypnosis is absolutely harmless. Many people over the age 60 suffer from incontinence. Although incontinence is most common among older people, it can occur at any age. Hypnosis is the best method to cure many psychological and mental problems and adult incontinence hypnosis helps to cure it.

Incontinence is a symptom and not a disease that can be caused by wide range of conditions. Urine leakage can be caused by incontinence, though when treated, stops the incontinence, including urinary tract infections, vaginal infections or irritations, and constipation. Incontinence also can be the caused by a serious illness or disease, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, stroke or brain tumors. Long-term incontinence can be caused by weak pelvic, bladder, or urinary sphincter muscles, or a bladder that contracts involuntarily and expels urine. Usually incontinence can be cured with treatment. Treatment depends on the type of the incontinence and its causes. There are three types of incontinence; stress incontinence, urge incontinence and overflow incontinence. Using hypnosis you can be treated to control your bladder and sphincter muscles.

Hypnosis is a formal process of accessing subconscious thought and then directing it to support intended goals. Hypnotist are like tour guides, they point out the wonderful vacation spots in your mind that you may choose to visit. They create a safe, relaxing environment and are prepared to direct the client towards still, peaceful depths of unconscious thought. The hypnotist gives the subconscious mind the help it needs. They make the client relax and then guide the subconscious mind to the new direction it needs. Since imagination is a part of the subconscious mind, the hypnotist will help the client create vibrant imagery involving goals and desires that can create dramatically positive results. Many people have benefited from hypnosis and have been cured of incontinence. There is no need to be ashamed if you have incontinence because many people suffer from this condition. You should consult your doctor for accurate diagnosis and a proper treatment plan.

Copyright 2005 Clyde Willabus

About The Author

Clyde Willabus

This article courtesy of The Hypnosis Sites Directory - http://www.hypnosissites.com/hypnosis

Staying fit and Exercising during Pregnancy

2009-06-07T10:04:00.000-07:00

So, you're pregnant, and committed to giving your baby the best of everything. You can start by staying fit and healthy exercising with a pregnancy fitness DVD! Everyone knows that healthy moms give their babies the best start in life by eating right, exercising, and getting good prenatal care. Do you know which exercises are best for you and your baby?If you don't, you are not alone. Most people have mixtures of old wife's tales, myths, and facts bouncing around in their heads, and are unsure which way to go. Is exercise good for mom and bad for the baby? It is bad for them both? Is it good for them both? It is time to take the guess work out of pregnancy, child birth, diet, and fitness. You have a responsibility to yourself and your child to find out the truth!Researching online is a fast, easy way to get started. Once you have determined that the research does show both moms and their babies are healthier when mom exercises, and have gotten a green light from your obstetrician, you will be armed with all the information you need to make an intelligent decision on what will work best for you.Pregnancy fitness DVDs are available online. If you have decided an at home fitness program is for you, but you still need motivation and direction, and a home fitness trainer is not an option, check out the available pregnancy fitness DVDs that are available! You will be surprised at the amount of DVDs there are available to help expectant mothers with their exercise programs. Since there are so many, research is important.The best way to determine if a particular pregnancy fitness DVD is right for you is to look at the reviews of each DVD. Other mothers who have used the DVD are great sources of information. Who could better advise you on the effectiveness of a particular pregnancy fitness DVD than someone who actually used it?Once you have narrowed the choices down to a few, talk with your prenatal health care professionals. Take notes, or print out the pregnancy fitness DVD reviews that interest you, and take them with you when you go to your next appointment.Knowing what is available, talking with your obstetrician, midwife, or birthing instructor, and being armed with the knowledge your own research has provided are all the right steps toward getting the fitness program that will work best for you, and the added motivation of having to be healthy to help your baby be as healthy as possible makes pregnancy the best time to make lifestyle changes to last the rest of your life. Why not start now?

About the Author:Ronald Piper is the proud grandfather of five grandchildren. Besides raising a large family, he also has over 30 years experiance in womens and childrens retail clothing.

Ways to Fight Depression

2009-06-06T10:55:00.001-07:00

Are you one of the millions of peoples who are depressed and tired all the time? Do you experience unbearable sadness and emptiness? Do you feel exhausted, dragged out and run down? You're barely functioning and pushing yourself through the day. These few easy and fun tips make your day more productive and full of happiness.Sleeplessness, tension and fatigue are often associated with depression. Try to relax everyday for optimal performance. Pick a quiet spot and do this drill. Breathe deeply and observe your breath and focusing all your problems and distraction are vaporizing in the air. Visualize great scenery and feel you are part of it, whether is it mountain area or white sandy beach in Florida.Try to solve and fight one problem at a time. Do not try to conquer every problem at same time. If you do feel tired, drain, depressed and helpless due to many problems, suggest and train your mind one problem at a time. This way you can effectively focus on one problem at a time.Read motivational or inspirational books that have positive and inspiring effects on your mind and mood. Self-help books have great impact to fight depression. Inspiring authors like Deepak Chopra, Dr. Wayne Dyer, Louise Hay and Aaron Beck father of cognitive therapy has written books on how to change thinking patterns.Isolation is also one of the major causes of depression. Try to communicate with other positively, show your genuine interest in other people like friends or family and share their thoughts. Human contact is the key to heal this problem. Newly research shows that our behavior shapes our emotions.Find a good hobby or activity to feel you pleasant. Gardening, bicycling, exercising, cooking or traveling give you a powerful boost to your mood. Crafting is also a very good therapy. Go out and having a good meal with friends. Do involve volunteer work, community services this way you'll feel you are also a important part of the community and it also have therapeutic effects.Exposure to light is either from the sun or artificial devices such as lamps can also be very helpful to relieve depression and improve your sad mood.Do not get angry easily. Read self-help books on becoming assertive. Getting angry in positive way can help to boost your energy and also your mood. Let your anger to work positively.Watch your diet very closely. Eat consciously and try to avoid those foods which may contribute for mood swinging like sugar, chocolate and caffeine. Quit smoking if you can, also reduce drinking habit.Take your vitamins and nutrients regularly. Vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, magnesium and L-tyrosine are good anti-depression nutrients. Eat green vegetables, fruits and beans for balance diet.Yoga and tai chi are very good exercise to fight depression. Slowly moving postures are very calming and soothing effects on your whole body including mind. You will get more relaxed and soother after performing these exercise.Encourage yourself, do not blame yourself for little mishaps. When you do right thing tell yourself "Good Job". Breakup your daily activity pattern. Do something goofy or childish act which remind your childhood days. Draw cartoon with crayons, make bubbles, read children books or watch movie.Read new research on how to meditate effectively. Newly research show meditation has very positive effects to boost immune system. Meditation also create positive attitude towards everyday problem solving. Meditation always is a very important factor on every religion throughout centuries. Meditate every night for about 15 minutes to 30 minute are very effective tool deal with depression while you become more focused for critical thinking to resolve your daily chores without exhaustion and depressed.

About the Author:Lisa Anderson author, coach and speaker. Vast experience in health, self-help, mind body related therapies. Lisa has applied her hi-tech knowledge to the development of several internet businesses. Find more at http://ebookmall.150m.com/

Medical and First Aid Supplies Business Opportunity/Affiliate Programme

2009-05-28T14:24:00.000-07:00

Dear Webmaster,

As the owners of this established, global, medical & nursing supplies web shop: - Medisave our site may have a similar audience to yourselves and we wish to put a partnership proposal to you.

You have no doubt spent countless hours developing your own website and this may be the ideal way to generate income from it. We pay 5% commission for completed sales transactions which arise as a direct result of a click through from your web site to ours with a memory of 45 days. This means that if your click through returns within 45 days to our site and purchases you will still be awarded the commission.

Whats more, we then take care of the secure credit card processing, storage, postage, packing and the after sales support making this an ideal / hassle free way for your site to benefit from e-commerce.

We pay you the commission in the form of a cheque or BACs amount every quarter along with a statement showing your commissions etc. The minimum we pay out on is £15 otherwise your commission is carried over to the next quarter.

All you have to do is complete a simple online form form. You will then be sent a confirmation email to which you should click on the validation link in order to activate your account With average orders at around £75-100, there is a good opportunity to make impressive commissions.

From there you will be able to log into a personalised affiliate control panel to view your commissions and statistics. From your control panel you will also be able auto generate referrer links to our site in plain text or with banners.

- The Medisave Team

MediSave UK and Global

2009-05-12T13:41:00.000-07:00

As well as supplying to the general public,Medisave specialises in hospital, GP surgery, medical students, nursing homes and general medical supplies through to HSE First Aid Kits. Our range includes over 5,000 product lines, including top branded stethoscopes, otoscopes, diagnostic sets, medical furniture and a comprehensive range of medical disposables. We partner with the best manufacturers to bring you the best prices.

Medisave welcome orders from anyone! We accept orders from most major credit/debit cards through secure credit card systems, or if you prefer to order over the phone, this is also possible.

Medisave will accept 30 day account invoice orders for all NHS, surgeries, hospitals and companies. All you need to do is simply fax your official order through. We will process you order within 24 hours of receiving it. You may also send it via post:

Incontinence Products
Bestsellers
1. TENAslip Maxi Medium Pack of 21
2. Tena Comfort Mini Super Pack of 28
3. Tena Comfort Mini Extra Pack of 21
4. Medipad Bed Underpads 60 x 60 - Pack of 30 Pads
5. TENAslip Maxi Large Pack of 21

Bathroom and Toileting
Best Sellers 1. Merlin Bath Lifter: Spare Battery For Models Before 5/2000
2. Merlin Bath Lifter: Battery Charger For All Models
3. Replacement Commode Pan and Lid
4. Merlin Bath Lifter: Spare Battery For Models After 5/2000
5. Merlin Bath Lifter Sucker Kit For Models After 1998

Daily Living Aids
Bestsellers
1. Medidos Tablet Dispenser No 1
2. Soxon Sock and Stocking Aid
3. Long Handled Shoe Horn
4. 32 Inch Helping Hand Classic Reacher
5. Medimax Tablet Dispenser No. 1

Eating and Drinking Aids
Bestsellers
1. Plate Surround
2. Dycem Jar Opener
3. Amefa Easy Grip Contoured Spoon
4. Dycem Anti Slip Short Reel - 2 Meter Roll
5. Large Mannoy Plate

Beds and Accessories
Bestsellers
1. Premier Non Woven Disposable Pillow Cases - per pack of 50
2. Premier Non Woven Disposable Bed Sheet - Single Bed - per 50
3. Overbed Table Variable Height / Angle with 4 Caster Wheels
4. Overbed Table Variable Height / Angle with 2 Caster Wheels
5. Chrome Ward Screen With Curtains (4 Section)

Mobility Aids
Bestsellers
1. Folding Adjustable Walking Stick 31-35 Inches Standard
2. Folding Adjustable Walking Stick 33-37 Inches Standard
3. Enigma XS Standard Lightweight Aluminium Self Propel Wheelchair
4. Three Wheeled Walker (Hand Brake) Including Bag
5. Stick Saver

Clearance
Bestsellers
1. Nursing Dressing Scissors Blunt / Blunt 6 Inches (15cm)
2. CLEARANCE: Cusco Vaginal Speculum, Large Size
3. Uni-Fix Raised Toilet Seat 3-4 Inches
4. CLEARANCE: Cusco Vaginal Speculum, Small Size
5. Cotton Wool B.P. 500g

First Aid Kits and Fire Protection
Bestsellers
1. Sterowipe Alcohol Free Cleansing Wipes Per Pair
2. Uni-Wipe Pre-injection Swabs per Box of 100
3. Dressing - New Medium 12 x 12 Wound Dressing Pad
4. Koolpak Instant Cold Pack - Single Use Ice Pack
5. Premier Adult Tongue Depressor - Box of 100